Identify each terms Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Distinguish each terms - Assignment Example There are a few people who imagine that men are more noteworthy than ladies, subsequently the idea of woman's rights. Raising to the base is a financial phrase used to portray a relationship between nations, nations, locale or nations that is an aftereffect of angles, for example, unhindered commerce globalization, monetary deregulation or even neo-radicalism The bracero program was an arrangement of laws and political agreements, this program was begun by in 1942 by a trade of political comments between the United States and Mexico. This was finished with the expectation of the presentation of transient agreement manual specialists from Mexico to the United States. This infers to an approach that was trailed by a few European countries, this arrangement involves the development of their capacity and impact by means of the utilization of power and intervention. For instance, the UK extended its capacity in quite a bit of Africa in nations, for example, Kenya and Uganda. A money crop is any harvest that is developed to make returns in benefit. Money crop is a word that is only used to allude to the agrarian creation of yields. This does exclude the creation of harvests for residential use. This was a German thinker and just as a progressive socialist. Crafted by Karl Marx affected a ton of socialist systems I the twentieth century. Marx moved away from theory to legislative issues and financial aspects when he was around 25yrs. This is a term in semantics that alludes to a consistent however common language than starts from a pidgin. The vocabularies of this language are adjusted from the characteristic language particularly that of the first

Increase in cigarette tax would reduce the cigarette consumption

Increment in cigarette duty would decrease the cigarette utilization 5.0 Introduction The aftereffects of our examination show that expansion in cigarette assessment would lessen the cigarette utilization or quit smoking among lower salary smokers and vigorously dependent smokers, hence it maintained the speculations four and five. Notwithstanding, the expense factor doesn't end up being essentially related on more youthful smokers, female smokers and less taught smokers. Section 5 incorporates an outline depiction of engaging and inferential examinations and conversation of significant discoveries that approve our exploration target and speculations. Next area gives the ramifications of our investigation toward the general public. Following segment will talk about a few confinements that are evident during the advancement of the investigation, just as to give a few proposals to future research. At that point, a general finish of our whole examination is introduced toward the finish of this section. 5.1 Summary of Statistical Analysis The segment profiles of respondents are broke down when the information are gathered. Smokers are ordered by various races, sexual orientation, smoking degree, training and age and the information is introduced in pie graphs. In addition, the focal propensities measurement of the factors is additionally determined in the examination. Cross classification tables are introduced to show reactions of every subgroup. Factual strategy utilized in the inferential investigation is multinomial calculated relapse. This factual strategy introduced the consistency connection between the reliant and free factors as odd proportion [i.e. Exp(B)]. At the point when the noteworthy level is under 0.05, the elective theory is acknowledged. In this exploration, elective theory for age, sexual orientation, and training level are dismissed as these factor don't influence the probability of the reactions towards cigarette charge. The elective speculation for smoking degree and salary level are acknowledged as the noteworthy level is under 0.05. Along these lines, smoking degree and pay level are bound to anticipate a particular kind of reactions from the smokers. Multivariate examination is additionally performed by contributing every single free factor as covariate factors in the SPSS program. Multivariate investigation is to guarantee the relationship isn't essentially influenced by other autonomous factors. 5.2 Discussion of Major Finding Table 5.1: Summary of the Inferential Analysiss Results Speculation Result H1: Younger smokers are bound to stop smoking than more seasoned smokers given cigarette charge increment. Dismissed H2: Male smokers are bound to give no reaction to cigarette charge increment than female smokers. Dismissed H3: Highly taught smokers are bound to stop smoking than less instructed smokers given cigarette charge increment. Dismissed H4: Lower salary smokers are bound to cut expense than higher pay smokers given cigarette charge increment. Acknowledged H5: Heavy smokers are bound to give no reaction to cigarettes charge increment than light smokers. Acknowledged Source: Developed for the exploration As per sane fixation hypothesis as far as the variable age, balanced youthful smokers ought to be bound to stop smoking given that their more extended life remaining contrasted with more established smokers and their relatively lower salary. More youthful smokers who may create lung malignant growth right currently would lose substantially more (time) contrasted with a 80 years of age smoker with lung disease. Our exact research doesn't affirmed this since we had indicated that more youthful smokers are not bound to stop/cut smoking than grown-up smokers. Past examinations by Lewit and Coate (1982) and Sylvain (2007) likewise negated the outcome we had. The conceivable explanation prompting this outcome may remember the modest number of youthful smokers for our example. The elective clarification is that since we play out our information assortment in urban zones, youthful smokers will in general be increasingly prosperous, along these lines they are not influenced by increment in ch arge. Strangely, Decicca, Kenkel and Mathios (2008) expressed that since most smoking commencement begins during youth, hence, the current youthful smokers who quit/slice smoking due to duties could be higher. The investigation additionally finds that sexual orientation isn't a factor in deciding the choice to cut/quit smoking given cigarette charge increment. Be that as it may, judicious enslavement hypothesis predicts female is bound to chop down cigarette utilization due to generally being more unfortunate than male. This logical inconsistency happened in light of the fact that, we think, the pay hole between the sexes is quick shutting. In this way, any duty increment won't altogether make any diminished utilization of cigarettes among the ladies. Our finding is in accordance with the blended aftereffects of past writing. Chaloupka (1990) found that men are bound to stop/cut smoking while Stehr (2007) found that ladies are bound to stop/cut smoking. We find that training has little effect on the choice of smokers because of cigarette charge increment. As per discerning fixation hypothesis, smokers with less training bring about much expense than exceptionally taught smokers for smoking since they have for the most part lower pay. Our discoveries didn't bolster objective habit hypothesis. Past research by Madden (2007) incompletely bolstered our discovering, he found that exceptionally taught smokers are less receptive to cigarette charge. Be that as it may, Tansels (1993) discoveries in Turkey (a center pay nation) mostly upheld our decision. He found a positive and critical connection among training and cigarette charge flexibility implying that the higher the instruction, the higher the affectability towards cigarette charge a smoker will be. The explanation for is that exceptionally taught smokers likewise will in general chop down smoking when burdened are raised, not as a result of the cash issue, but since they are dreadfu l of the wellbeing outcomes. They have used the expense increment as the chance to go without any weaning period. Consequently, when both advanced education and lower instruction smokers decide to smoke less, none is more probable than the other. Lower salary smokers are bound to cut expense than more extravagant smokers in light of the fact that the expense of proceeding with the propensity for smoking is higher. Each RM increment in cigarette cost will influence their personal satisfaction, in any event, making deficiencies of cash for childrens instruction, food and other every day costs aggravated to what's to come. This outcome adjusts to past research done by Biener et al. (1998) which says that poor smokers are multiple times as liable to either change to less expensive brands of cigarettes or lessen utilization. Townsend et al. (1994) discoveries likewise delivers comparative end. True to form, overwhelming smokers are bound to give no reaction towards cigarettes charge increment than light smokers. Nearby complementarity clarifies that inside a specific time period, the more a smoker smokes now, the more he might want to smoke later on. Except if the agony of higher cigarette cost is more than the torment of surrendering the smoking dependence, smokers will in general keep on smoking later on. Past research done by Lee (2008) doesn't adjust to our discoveries. Lee et al. (2004) whose outcome shows that overwhelming smokers increment smoking utilization when duty is expanded bolstered our outcome. Generally speaking, the article that Biener et al. (1998) created matches our outcomes predominantly. Different examinations that negate our outcome ordinarily used national cigarette deals information. In this manner, their investigations are not so much practically identical to our individualistic study based examination. 5.3 Implications of the Study Regardless of whether cigarette charge successfully accomplishes the legislatures objective in diminishing cigarette utilization is a huge issue that should be deliberately considered every once in a while so as to more readily decide the course of future approaches. Subsequently, recognizing the impact of duty increments on cigarette utilization is a fundamental part for directing appropriate legislative approaches on the tobacco use. By and large, the dynamic increment in cigarette charge rates may give an incredible commitment toward the administrations tax assessment strategy which would help the legislatures annual duty income, just as to improve financial productivity of the nation. In our investigation, we found that exceptionally dependent and high salary smokers don't react to cigarette charge well. They despite everything buy same amount of cigarettes. Hence, government should devise a technique for focusing on cigarette charges towards these gatherings of smokers to boost charge income. As indicated by Tsai et al. (2003), bits of additional income which was gotten from the cigarette duty would be reserved to the administrations exertion for actualizing tobacco control program against the tobacco utilize, for example, hostile to smoking media-battles. In any case, other segment of the cigarette charge incomes would commit into financing human services for under-safeguarded populace, lung malignant growth examine and other wellbeing related exercises. Aside from that, our examination likewise adds to general wellbeing by recognizing that training doesn't assume a noteworthy job in diminishing utilization of cigarette due to charges. This suggests our training framework isn't underlining the peril and wellbeing danger of smoking. This, in any case, concurs with the judicious fixation hypothesis in light of the fact that exceptionally instructed individuals are probably going to be well off. Hence, they don't endure as much due to burden increment. Conversely, rich individuals additionally endure more as a result of medical issues since they have a lot to appreciate throughout everyday life (occasions, amusement, longer life and so on.) contrasted with low pay smokers. In this way, in concocting a general wellbeing arrangement, our examination suggests that we ought to teach individuals on the risk of smoking while simultaneously expanding cigarette charge so that at long last, the rich and the poor both smoke less. During the procedure of calculated establishment, our examination has contributed broad measure of observational proof that have evaluated the connections between different segment and smoking degree factors and the reaction to cigarette

Tips on How to Write a College Essay

Tips on How to Write a College EssayWhen learning how to write a college essay, the objective is to get as much information as possible in order to make a cohesive and impressive presentation. This could either be a short project or a longer one, depending on your needs. Here are a few tips for how to get started:What Is A Collage? A collage is a collection of objects of different kinds, such as pictures, photographs, negatives, papers, files, documents, furniture, tools, appliances, and others. It could be anything that makes the presentation more appealing. In order to write a collage essay, you will need to use a variety of styles and themes.First of all, you should look for some well-loved photos or pictures that you want to include. This is just one of the many ways in which you can incorporate collage into your essay. Aside from that, you may also consider a quote from a famous movie character or a poem, that both exemplify the theme of the collage.How To Write A Collage Essay? The next tip for writing a collage essay would be to place pictures in an organized manner. If possible, provide enough information about each picture that will help the reader understand the entire collage project.For this, you should start with making an outline of your collage project. Begin by labeling the pictures in chronological order, as they appear in the collage. Use more pictures if possible. Also, add captions to the pictures and in this way, you will be able to tell the reader what each item is used for.How To Write A Collage Essay With Pictures? Now, when it comes to taking pictures for your essay, you must keep in mind that photography needs to be good. Although the word 'collage' sounds like it is going to be taken from a collage magazine, in this case, it refers to various types of pictures that give the reader more information.Remember, the most important thing is to make your collage project appealing and interesting. Whether you are taking photos of your baby, a family photo, or a home renovation, ensure that you use only the best items for your photos. Keep in mind that the better the picture looks, the more appealing it will be.Aside from that, it would also be wise to find an experienced photographer for your collage project. Not only will you get a wide selection of pictures to choose from, but also an experienced and professional photographer will be able to help you choose the best pictures that will best show the theme of your collage project. By following these easy steps, you will be able to make an impressive piece of work that not only impresses your reader but also provides enough information to help you learn more about the topic of your article.

The Health Care System Operates Under Two Tier System

The Trinidad health care system operates under two tier system which consist of both public and private health care facilities, the main responsibility of the ministry of health is the overseeing of the health care sector, although this agency does not directly run the public health care facilities, the responsibility of this office is to set policies, goal and targets areas based on the assessment of the community health needs, as well as to allocate funds to the regional health authorities to finance the various health needs of the community. The public health the care system which includes four main hospital that helps to facilities the country medical needs, and can be access by the entire population of Trinidad and is offered free†¦show more content†¦In the case of serious medical emergency, a medical evacuation is needed to transport the individual to the closest health care facility that offers sufficient medical care, which may be located in another country, such as Miami in the United States. The private medical sector in Trinidad is very small comprising of four facilities which include: †¢ St Augustine private hospital †¢ Southern medical clinic †¢ West shore private medical hospital †¢ Adventist hospital These facilities are located either in Port of Spain, San Fernando and the West Mooring area, they are sufficient enough to treat most health problems but offer only a slightly better treatment than that of the public health care systems. Although the private sector is considered better than the public sector it is still incapable of handling serious illness and injuries especially those that require long term care. The health care system in Trinidad is not considered the best especially is seeking care at the public facilities according to article written by Akilah Holder who writes for the Trinidad guardian concerning the death of pregnant women who have had C- section at the hospital these are some of story. â€Å"Juliet Primus will never again hold her baby girl in her arms. She will not be around when baby Chasarah takes her first steps or says her first words. She will not be there to answer her questions when

Understanding Religion Through Kurt Vonneguts Cats...

Understanding Religion Through Kurt Vonneguts Cats Cradle The following is issued as a warning from the author Kurt Vonnegut to the reader: Any one unable to understand how a useful religion can be founded on lies will not understand this book either(14). The latter quote is typical of Vonnegut in his usage of creating a personal narrative. Kurt Vonnegut Jr. was born in Indianapolis, like many of his characters, in 1922. His life from that point on closely resembles the lives of the people in his satirical novel Cats Cradle. Vonneguts mother committed suicide when he was twenty two years old and in many of his novels the character of the mother is dead.†¦show more content†¦There are actually three different writers at work in the story. First and foremost is the author Kurt Vonnegut. The narrator he creates in his novel is called John, or Jonah as he tells the reader to refer to him (Vonnegut 1), and he frequently recites passages from The Books of Bokonon written by a fictional religious guru Bokonon (Reed 125). All three hold true to a passage from another of Vonneguts books lies told for the sake of artistic effect...can be.. the most beguiling forms of truth(Vonnegut Editors Note) Though Jonah is most closely linked to representing Vonnegut, Bokonon is the most interesting character created on the Island of San Lorenzo where most of the book takes place. By having this central yet elusive character invent a religion openly based on lies, Vonnegut demonstrates societys blind dependency on religion: I wanted all things To seem to make some sense, So we all could be happy, yes, Instead of tense. And I made up lies So that they all fit nice, And I made this sad world A par-a-dise (Vonnegut 90) The latter quote describing why Bokonon, christened Lionel Boyd Johnson on the Island of Tobago in 1891 (Vonnegut 74), invented Bokononism is said to be found in Bokonons Calypsos, or short poems/songs. When Bokonon wasShow MoreRelatedThe Role of Religion and Morality in Cats Cradle Essay959 Words   |  4 PagesThe Role of Religion and Morality in Cats Cradle As an author, Kurt Vonnegut has received just about every kind of praise an author can receive: his works held the same sway over American philosophy as did those of Jack Kerouac or J.R.R. Tolkein; his writing has received acclaim from academics and the masses alike; and three of his books have been made into feature films. Society has permanently and noticeably been altered by his writing. 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Sugar Substitutes and Blood Glucose Level Assignment

Essays on Sugar Substitutes and Blood Glucose Level Assignment The paper "Sugar Substitutes and Blood Glucose Level" is a worthy example of an assignment on medical science. Sugar belongs to the carbohydrates category of biopolymers that interfere in the biological processes in the living bodies (Stick Williams, 2009). Carbohydrates play a fundamental role in human development as modifications at particular sites in the glycan chain may modulate a carbohydrate’s overall biological role (Muthana, Campbell, Gildersleeve, 2012). However, the consumption of sugar is usually associated with heightened noncommunicable diseases. A developing body of scientific data is demonstrating that fructose can activate processes that extend to liver toxicity and multitude to other chronic sicknesses. However, consumption in a small amount is not referred to as a problem but increased consumption kills slowly. In ancient times, our ancestors could consume sugar which was available as fruit restricted to the harvesting time or as honey which was protected by bees. But with the evolving modern technologies, it has been added to almost all forms of processed foods and therefore the consumer has limited options to decline the sugar consumption. Nature made it hard to access but the man scientific evolution eased its access. People on average, all over the globe, are consuming more than 500 calories/ day on average. The many diseases that are considered to be associated with the increased consumption of sugar include hypertension (the quantity of uric acid is increased by fructose which in turn enhances blood pressure); elevated triglycerides and insulin immunity through production of fat within the liver; diabetes from augmented liver glucose production mixed with insulin immunity; and the phenomenon of ageing, induced by damaged DNA, proteins and lipids by nonenzymatic adhering of fructose to them (Lustig, 2010). Thus it can be said that sugar poses similar toxic effects similar to alcohol on the liver. As alcohol is obtained by the fermentation of sugar and is said to have similar properties of inducing pleasure although being a natural nutrient (Lustig, Schmidt, and Brindis, 2012).The government should regulate sugar supply but a ban like that imposed on alcohol and cigarettes. However the increased in-take can be limited by imposing taxes and removing subsidies on the over usage of fructose in the processed food items; limiting the availability of fast food to younger people by imposing a complete ban on the sale of such products during school hours and by removing fructose form Generally Regarded As Safe list (Tappy et al, 2010). Yes, sugar substitutes like artificial sweeteners are better for consumption as they do not disturb the blood glucose level.

Causes of Conflict in Nigeria and Ways of Resolving Them free essay sample

Given the repertoire of cleavages abounding in a heterogeneous and pluralistic society as Nigeria, divisions among the ethnic groups, regions and sections of the country is bound to exist. In pre-colonial times, interethnic relations were often mistrustful, or discriminatory, and sometimes violent. At the same time, there were relationships, such as trade, that required peaceful communications. The most widespread communication was in the north between pastoral and agricultural peoples who traded cattle for farm products, and pasturage rights for manuring. Compounding the problem of underdevelopment in Nigeria is micro nationalism, ethnic, religious and communal conflicts which pose great threat to peace, security and progress. Conflicts refer to disputes, disagreements, quarrels, struggles, fights and wars between individuals, groups and countries. In every nation there is no complete agreement on how to share wealth, power and status among individuals and groups, and how to effect necessary changes and reforms. Since different groups and individuals have diverse interests, the aims of some groups will conflict with those of others. Conflicts occur when deprived groups and individuals attempt to increase their share of power and wealth or to modify the dominant values, norms, beliefs or ideology. May it be noted that there are functional and dysfunctional conflicts. Dysfunctional conflicts are destructive and cause loss of lives, property, man-hours, investment opportunities, hunger and starvation when open violence, wars, mass strikes, and other forms of disruption occur. On the other hand, functional or creative conflicts are constructive and reflect the differences and variety of human opinions and activity which exists in any free society. If creative conflicts between groups which are major sources of innovation, new ideas, institutions and social change are suppressed altogether, a nation becomes stagnant and static. It could be seen as of today that what we have in Nigeria, then, is that ethnicity is not simply the quest for commonality, but is also based on the wider functions of the state, and thus the greater impetus to organise in order to get what the state is distributing – and to prevent others from getting it. Because ethnicity taps cultural and symbolic issues – basic notions of identity and the self, of individual and group worth and entitlement – the conflicts it generates are intrinsically less amenable to compromise than those revolving around material issues. When the struggle is over money, taxes, wage levels, business regulations, social welfare, infrastructural investments, or similar issues, the gains and losses are divisible in a variety of ways. The point is thus being made that, although ethnic conflicts often involve material issues which can sometimes easily be resolved through conventional bargaining, they revolve around underlying exclusive symbols and conceptions of legitimacy and become characterised by competing demands that cannot easily be broken into bargainable increments. Accusations and allegations of neglect, oppression, domination, exploitation, victimization, discrimination, marginalisation, nepotism and bigotry are common. It is difficult to know who is marginalising who in Nigeria because all ethnic groups, from the big Hausa, Yoruba and Igbos to the small Ogonis, lkwerres, Igalas, etc. are complaining of marginalisation. However, most of the communal conflicts in the minority areas in the South and Middle Belt are caused partly by land, boundary, and chieftaincy disputes but mainly by domination and oppression; frustration-aggression-displacement; divide-and rule policies and diversionary scapegoat techniques. The inequalities in the distribution of power, wealth and status, and domination and oppression by bigger groups and their collaborators within the smaller groups have frustrated the minority Ogonis, lbibios, Tivs, Igalas, Itsekiris, etc. who seem to reduce their built-up tensions by fighting among themselves rather than unite and face the real oppressors. Conflict resolution in Nigeria requires honest and capable leadership and good governance to reduce the level of unemployment, poverty, oppression, domination and marginalisation, and raise the standards of living of all the Nigerians. A true federalism with drastically reduced federal powers, responsibilities and resources, and greater local autonomy and self-determination for the federating units or states will reduce inter-ethnic tensions. With the reduction in the attraction of the centre, the do or die presidential elections will be minimized. There should be equitable distribution of power, wealth and status as well as responsibilities, duties and contributions to the centre. There will be no development and progress without peace, and no peace without equal rights and justice. Therefore equity, fair play and justice should be emphasized to enhance peace and progress. For equity and justice, and to give all sections of Nigeria a sense of belonging, all political parties should choose their presidential candidates from the South-South which had never produced a Head of State/Government or from the South-East because since 1960 the three geopolitical zones in the North have headed the Federal Government for about 34 years and the South West for eight years by 2003. With respect to mineral or oil-rich land disputes, the oil oozing from a particular production well may be flowing in from distant lands. Besides, oil pipelines, men and materials pass through divide lands, waterways, creeks, etc. during oil exploration, production and distribution. Therefore, a broader definition of oil-bearing areas to cover all communities likely to be adversely affected and polluted by oil production and distribution, and the equitable distribution of oil benefits, social amenities, scholarships, etc. will minimize such clashes and conflicts.

Price sensitivity Essay Example

Price sensitivity Essay The Web defines price sensitivity â€Å"as the extent to which price is an important criterion in the customers decision- making process; thus a price sensitive customer is likely to notice a price rise and switch to a cheaper brand or supplier† (Information retrieved on May 8, 2006 from wps.pearsoned.co.uk/wps/media/objects/1452/1487687/glossary/glossary.html)   Miller (2006) defines sensitivity as â€Å"the awareness of the consumer to what they perceive to be the window of cost within which they will buy a particular product or service.†Price sensitivity then is the customers’ awareness of the prices of the products or services they are buying. For a price sensitive customer, the price of a certain product or service is a great factor in his or her decision to purchase the product. â€Å"Price sensitivity however is not just about charging high prices to maximize revenue. It might also make sense to cut prices sometimes dramatically to encourage people wh o may otherwise not be part of the market to use the services or goods being provided†Ã‚   (Information retrieved on May 8, 2006 from http://www.bized.ac.uk/current/mind/2005_6/141105.htm). Example of price sensitivity is the strategy used by Priceline.Priceline’s customers are very price sensitive. Priceline provides its customers a variety of offers and deals they can choose from. This is a marketing strategy that Priceline uses to encourage price sensitive customers to patronize their products. Priceline capitalizes on the price sensitive customers who expect better deals for their money. Priceline makes use of the name-your-price or reverse-action model (Varian, 2000). This strategy is actually like other marketing strategies wherein customers are given the choice to be more flexible with their time and brand in exchange for a lower cost.The effect of this of course is for customers to always look for a better bargain using the Priceline’s prices as the refer ence prices or basis in their decision making. Price sensitive customer tries to find other good deals from other airlines just to compare the apparent savings they will be making if they choose Priceline. According to Kottler (2003), customers are more price sensitive to products and services that are considered to be more expensive and frequently used by the customers. Travel is considered to be an expensive activity so customers are very price sensitive and tries to get the best deal taking into consideration price and quality.Customers are very sensitive to interest rates. The home loan products offered by Priceline actually produce a positive effect. The lowest loan guarantee encourages more customers considering the big savings they will be getting from it. But some customers are skeptical especially those who have negative experiences when it comes to hidden charges.PART II – Is the right price a fair price?There are two sides to this coin – one is for prices to reflect the value that customers are willing to pay and the other is to reflect the cost involved in making a product or service.High value item usually implies high quality. If prices are set high, customers have high expectations on the product or service. If this expectation is met by the manufacturer or the company offering the service, then high prices can still be considered a fair price.On the other hand, with the current economy of the country today and the decreasing purchasing power of many people, fair prices are prices that reflect the cost involved in making the product or service. Fair price in this case is when the customers purchase a product or service and walk away happy with the quality and the cost.Economists define fair market value as â€Å"the price that an interested but not desperate buyer would be willing to pay and an interested but not desperate seller would be willing to accept on the open market assuming a reasonable period of time for an agreement to arise† (information viewed on May 8, 2006 from http://www.investorwords.com/1878/fair_market_value.html).The concept of transparency and public accountability play important roles in setting the right price. According to Baggini (2006), a fair price in a free market is simply what the people are prepared to pay. It is considered unfair to customers if they pay inflated rates for products and services that they ended up worse off than they should have been.Products or services should be priced just enough to cover all costs incurred in its production and enough profit to sustain the producer and return on his or her investment. The interest on fluctuation and the risk of investment should also be considered in setting the right or fair price. This way, both the consumer and producer walk away happy.BIBLIOGRAPHYPART IKotler,P (2003)   Marketing Management, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, New JerseyMiller, L (2006). Understanding Price Sensitivity in Marketing: One of the F our Keys in the Marketing Mix. Retrieved May 8, 2006 from http://www.associatedcontent.com/article/17430/understanding_price_sensitivity_in.htmlMind your Business Price Sensitivity Retrieved May 8, 2006 from http://www.bized.ac.uk/current/mind/2005_6/141105.htmVarian, H (2000) Priceline’s Magic Show Retrieved May 8, 2006 from http://www.sims.berkeley.edu/~hal/Articles/TheStandard/priceline.htmlPART IIBaggini, J (2006). Can you cheat someone to wealth? Retrieved May 8, 2006 from http://www.guardian.co.uk/ideas/story/0,,1746335,00.htmlFair Market Value Retrieved May 8, 2006 fromhttp://www.investorwords.com/1878/fair_market_value.html;

crusade essays

crusade essays The causes of the Crusades were many and complex, but prevailing religious beliefs were clearly of major importance. The Crusaders continued an older tradition of the pilgrimage to the Holy Land, which was often imposed as a penance; now, however, they assumed a dual role as pilgrims and warriors. Motives for crusading in addition to regaining the holy land was: to unite the catholic church, increase papal authority, reunite the western and eastern churches and put surplus knights to work. It is arguable that crusading diminished, rather than increased, the economic and cultural exchange between Western Europe and the Islamic world that might otherwise have taken place. For Byzantium, the impact of the crusading movement was disastrous. The crusades coincided with, and to some extent caused a decisive shift in the balance of economic and military power between western Europe and the Faltering Bzantine empire. Trade between Islam and the West continued despite periodic interruptions caused by crusader attacks on Syria, Eqypt and North Africa. Even though countless numbers of people died during the Christian Crusades, there were many positive effects for both the East and the West. After the Crusades halted, various trade routes opened up between Eastern and Western cities. Also, the Muslims developed new military strategies and techniques during the fights with the Europeans, and they united themselves against one cause, producing a stronger religious nation. These trade routes generated a beneficial contact between the cultures of East and West. From the Muslims these merchants bought spices, sugar, cloth and cotton. Other merchants from Sicily and Aragorn traded for Tunisian gold, and Algerian wool and animal skins. Popular goods traded from the Middle East were sugar, melons, cotton, ultramarine dye and damask cloth. Though most of the traded goods came from the Middle East, the combined efforts from both East and West brought ...

Costs associated with occupational and corporate crime Essay

Costs associated with occupational and corporate crime - Essay Example Income tax violation is a popular white-collar crime. According to an article in New York Times, tax evasion costs governments around the globe more than $3.1 trillion annually. Such a whopping loss of more than $3.1 trillion in annual revenue is a very big issue, yet it is exceedingly hard to catch white-collar criminals. According to a report published by the World Bank in 2011, more than 5.1% of global GDP never reaches the government offices in the form of taxes. Europe is currently facing a crisis because of this rampant tax evasion. The highest amount of tax revenue is lost by the US, about $337 billion. The US is followed by South America and Italy (Werdigier). Embezzlement is a kind of occupational crime and research claims that â€Å"the annual cost of embezzlement is 12.42 billion dollars† (Zarka). Yet, research suggests that the highest costs are associated with white-collar crimes. For example, it is claimed that â€Å"the American business community lost $50 bill ion in 1980 to white-collar crime† (Eitzen cited in Long), which is more than 10 times the costs associated with all street crimes. These are just cost estimates because truth is that occupational and corporate crimes cannot be accurately measured. White-collar criminals are hard to catch because of their high position which is why jails are crowded with socially and economically disadvantaged offenders who have committed some kind of low-class street crime. Many problems are encountered by researchers who try to uncover costs associated with occupational and corporate crimes. It is always easier to estimate costs associated with street crimes because people behind these crimes have no occupational or corporate background. These are jobless people typically belonging to poor class. But, the problem with occupational and corporate criminals is that the higher professions and

Integrating Faith and Learning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Integrating Faith and Learning - Essay Example Faith in God automatically gives faith in the self and only then, one learns the right things at the right time in the right way. Hence, learning and faith have to be integrated to reduce the gap between faith and learning. We can pour into a vessel only when it is empty. When the mind and soul are focused on God, it is free from negative thoughts and distractions. It is then easy to conceive what one learns; fear and anxiety do not haunt the mind. The mind becomes strong and a strong mind can concentrate and learn anything with ease. Therefore, I would start my day with intense prayers to the lord in the first place. We have or make a life-long commitment to Jesus; a lifetime commitment keeps the mind focused. Statistics too would require a life long commitment. This has to be borne in the mind. As during prayers, we open the heart to the lord, while learning statistics we should open our heart so that research is perfect and learning is intense. Relational Evangelism teaches us to share knowledge. When we share knowledge, when we teach others what we have learned the knowledge becomes firm. Statistics is a subject where the foundation has to be firm and the application of theory has to be done at the right place. If I share, if I teach others what I have understood, I would never forget what I have learnt. Statistics requires a lot of research and planning. A constant reflection on and search on God’s ideas leads us closer to God; a constant search, an in-depth research to get to the truth, will help me to integrate statistics in my life. To understand the taste and feel of water we have to take a dip in the water. Standing on the banks we can only talk theory. Similarly, to understand God we have to become one with him; to understand statistics we have to get to the roots, do intense research and learning; become one with it. Christianity is not a viewpoint imposed on world knowledge; it provides a clarifying platform for engaging all

Religious Ethic Essay Example for Free

Religious Ethic Essay Discuss the view that only a religious ethic can provide an acceptable basis for medical ethics. Medical ethics concerns many areas of ethical debate. Including such controversial issues such as euthanasia, abortion and human cloning, medical ethics sparks lively debates. The issue of abortion is a very relevant and controversial issue. There are opposition and supporters from both a religious ethical background and a non-religious ethical background. Those who come from a Christian ethical background tend to have a similar argument, that of the sanctity of life. Roman Catholics oppose abortion using the Christian ethical theory of Natural Law. Abortion would be going against natural law as it interferes with Gods will. Abortion is right in no circumstances, in other words it is intrinsically evil, as it involves the murder of an innocent life. Protestants do, in principle, oppose abortion on the ground that murder is wrong, as stated in the bible; Thou shalt not kill (Exodus) and as abortion is in effect murder, abortion must therefore also be wrong. However, some more liberal protestants allow abortion in certain circumstances, such as before the nervous system has developed (before the foetus can feel) if the mothers life or health is threatened or if the pregnancy is from an exceptional situation, such as the result of rape. There seems to be no reason however, as to why these two standpoints could not be from a non-religious ethic. The appreciation of life is not something that is exclusive to religion, and therefore the view that abortion is murder could stand with anyone who believes that the foetus is a person, and this need not be a religious standpoint. Equally the Liberal protestant view could again apply to anyone who believes that murder is wrong, yet as circumstances differ, the things to be considered also differ. This is a relativist situationist standpoint but again does not have to be religious. In fact many non-religious people do tend to be situationists as they judge decisions on their consequences and not on the action itself, as no action is considered intrinsically wrong, as it is not deemed by any higher being or book, as it is in religion. These arguments also apply in relation to euthanasia. Roman Catholics view murder as wrong and as euthanasia is essentially murder, it must also be wrong. It would also be considered as going against Natural Law as it interferes with Gods will, just as abortion does. Protestants would claim that the bible condemns euthanasia as it is murder, yet come more liberal Protestants again claim that all factors should be considered in order to make a decision relative to that persons individual situation. Many people would argue however that without a religious ethic there are no clear rules and boundaries. Deontological ethical theories, that are absolutist theories that apply in all situations, provide these boundaries as the answer will always be the same. Yet not all religious ethical theories are deontological, such as Fletchers Situation ethics, which is teleological. This means that religious ethics do not always provide a clear cut answer, just as non-religious ethics may not. Many religious fundamentalists would argue that atheists, for example, cannot have a similar appreciation of life as they do. Atheists do not believe in God, and some would argue that as they do not believe in anything, they cannot have the same appreciation of life. Yet it appears that without a belief in anything religious, life becomes even more precious. Without the promise of an afterlife, which is provided by Christianity, this current life becomes even more precious and amazing. As you only get one shot at life from an atheist perspective, the feeling to preserve it as much as possible, along with do the same for others would seem to be even stronger. Without the excuse that the person/foetus will go to Heaven, murder seems to be even more wrong, as it would take away the one life that that person has been offered. In conclusion I think that a religious ethic is by no means the only acceptable basis for medical ethics. Although some Christian ethics will provide a stable answer for every situation, an answer that will never change and therefore will have clear-cut boundaries, not every person in the world will ever be of the same religion, and therefore it cannot be universal. Therefore a non-religious ethic which everyone could agree on seems more acceptable, such as one that allows situations to be considered, because therefore a religious ethic could be used in certain circumstances if the people involved would like to do so, as that happens to be their own situation; similarly if someone does not want to apply a religious ethical theory then they are not obliged to do so, because again this option would apply to their situation. Therefore situationist ethics that are not based on religion can be made universal, allowing religious ethics to be applied or not according to the wishes of the people involved and this seems to me to be the only acceptable basis for medical ethics, an ethic that will allow for everyones personal beliefs.

Social Service Program :: essays research papers

OVERVIEW YPSS must develop a strategy to use the state-funded grant of $100,000. Three proposals for the use of these funds have been drafted. Each project is broken down by requirements, benefits, and costs. The information was gathered through research of community desires and evaluation of the feasibility of these desires. Programs of similar shelters were also examined to determine the approximate costs and benefits of each project. This report presents the details of the proposals along with looking at what the local community wishes to see implemented. The YPSS committee can use this report to determine which of these projects is in the best interests of YPSS and the youths that YPSS serves. CRISIS HOTLINE PROJECT YPSS has been considering this project for approximately 18 months. Until now, YPSS did not have the funding needed to implement such a project. The project costs a total of $78,000. Following is a breakdown of the total cost, along with the start-up costs ongoing funding will be required. Salaries  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  $36,000  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Training/Recruitment   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  $ 8,000 Technical Services  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  $14,000  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Miscellaneous  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  $ 5,000 Promotional Campaign  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  $15,000  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Total  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  $78,000 The program involves the set-up of two toll-free telephone lines in a currently vacant backroom office in our main office. Training of three new part-time employees would be necessary. These new employees would be responsible for recruiting and training volunteers from the local community to operate the crisis lines. The hotline will be open 24 hours a day, and would be used primarily by teenagers across the state. Any person in any crisis (i.e. potential runaways, abuse victims, etc.) will have access to the hotline. Implementation of the project would take approximately 6 – 8 months. This time is what is needed for the project to get off the ground. This includes the hiring, training, recruitment of volunteers, etc. Any tangible results would most likely not be seen for 12 – 15 months, or longer. The project is a natural step beyond the two current runaway shelters and the addictions recovery program. These programs have been extremely successful thus far, and the hotline would add an additional side to YPSS that would benefit everyone. ADDITIONS TO RUNAWAY SHELTER #1 This is a project that has been proposed by the counseling staff at youth shelter #1 (called â€Å"Moore House†) within the last three months. The project costs about $95,000. Following is a breakdown of the total cost. In addition, the only continuing costs would be maintaining the salary of the full-time night counselor. Salaries/Training  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  $24,000  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Miscellaneous  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  $ 3,000

Functional Benchmarking: Learning from best practices to improve service quality in medium and small hotels

Despite the prevalent debate of organizational education, there is modest learned contribution on promoting learning through the realistic purpose of management apparatus. This is particularly correct in a complex domestic supply series milieu of an institute. Benchmarking is documented as a vital means for constant enhancement of quality. A large amount of publications by a variety of authors reveal the significance of this practice. Reviews of literature on benchmarking have been prepared in the past by a small number of authors. However, bearing in mind the contributions in the recent times, a more complete examination is attempted here.In this essay, the authors have reviewed benchmarking literature in a manner that would help researchers, academicians and practitioners to take a deeper look at the expansion, development and applicability of this method. The authors have examined a range of papers and have anticipated a diverse plan of categorization. In addition, certain gaps th at would present clues for extra study in benchmarking have been recognized. Study Questions A study of small hospitality businesses was undertaken in order to address the following research questions:1) How extensive is the formal and informal practice of benchmarking in small hospitality businesses? 2) What kinds of practices and approaches are more or less likely to be benchmarked in small hospitality businesses? 3) How is the corporate culture of firms in the small hospitality industry associated with their interest in benchmarking best practices? Principal Findings Comparing performance figures is the procedure in the benchmarking processes that seem to be accepted and applied by tourism managers rather than more complex procedures like analyzing or optimizing.However, there is a growing body of researchers assuming that benchmarking is not exclusively a comparison practice. Studying the business feat of a number of hospitality sectors (attractions, restaurants and caterings, m otels); Bergin et al. (2000) found that benchmarking is frequently confused with the practice of viable assessment studies. Terms such as benchmarking, interfirm comparisons and competitive comparison analysis are inaccurately interchanged. Benchmarking is thought to be a more potent tool than competitive comparison. Key WordsBenchmarking, competitive comparison, comparison analysis, interfirm comparisons, hospitality sectors. Introduction Benchmarking is concerned with obtaining information through relative study and applying it to develop internal procedures or practices (Smith, 1997). Whilst Business Week has described benchmarking as â€Å"a euphemism for legally ripping off someone else’s idea† (McGonagle and Fleming, 1998), meaningful analysis and successful implementation is shown to be a complex task. As McNary (1994) observes â€Å"what often gets copied in benchmarking are only the symptoms of success instead of the causes of success†.This review check s existing literature on benchmarking, particularly with respect to context, procedure, needs and benefits. The applicability to higher education is examined and results drawn. Decision makers are continuously on the look out for methods to make possible quality upgrading. Benchmarking is one such technique that has developed into a popular process in the recently. Benchmarking is one of many total quality management tools, which comprise problem solving, procedure reengineering and process improvement. According to DeToro (1995), benchmarking needs to be positioned within this larger context.From the strategic perspective, â€Å"benchmarking could only be a piece of the jigsaw of initiatives needed to achieve substantial improvements† (Smith, 1997). The challenge is to match the process with the optimal tool or technique (Keehley, 1997). Though benchmarking is not up-to-the-minute, it has now found more users, and takes up a major place, helping quality development. Quite re gularly, the benchmarking notion is understood to be an act of imitating or replicating. But in actuality this proves to be an idea that aids in originality rather than imitation, as stated by Thompson and Cox (1997).Many authors have contributed to the literature on benchmarking ensuing in more than 350 publications as of June 2002. Taking in the growth of publications, some efforts have been made in the past to review the literature. Despite the widespread discussion of both organizational learning and the learning organization (Yeo, 2005), there are few practical tools to promote learning within a supply chain context that also give implementation advice for practitioners (Garvin, 1993; Shipton, 2004). This paper, aside from providing a review of literature on benchmarking, envelops the following objectives:(1) Assembling the publications in a methodical way to allow easy and quick search; (2) Classification of literature; (3) Analysis of result of publications; and (4) Discover gaps plus presenting hints for further research. As benchmarking relevance is rising considerably in large organizations, they have, as yet, had restricted application among small hospitality businesses. Much interest has been paid to small businesses in current tourism and hospitality literature, but this has centered on savings, finance and the use of technology (e. g. Buhalis, 1993; Kwansa, 1994; Ozer, 1996).There has been little research to quantify performance points of small hospitality businesses either as singular organizations or as workings of tourist destinations. This paper argues that benchmarking offers benefits for small hospitality businesses and for the destinations where they are situated. This is mainly true of grading schemes, where most of the fee is sustained by grading organizations, not by the small business themselves. Awards or grades give customers self-assurance and at the same time present a yardstick of competitiveness within the location area.Literatur e review The literature review focuses on exploring the potential of benchmarking to facilitate learning. It signifies the critical performance areas in classification and grading schemes in small to medium hotels. In the following part it specifies how people benefit from the stated grading schemes and how benchmarking is a useful grading scheme for hotel managers. Tourist destinations: components of attractiveness Mill and Morrison (1992) make a note that tourist destinations are made of attractions, facilities, infrastructure, transportation and hospitality.Laws (1995) spots chief essentials contributing to the attractiveness of a tourist destination as being climate, ecology, culture and traditional architecture and less important rudiments specifically for tourist groups, e. g. hotels, catering, transport and entertainment. Goodall and Bergsma (1990) consider total cost a fifth constituent, in addition to attractions, facilities/services, accessibility and image. Destination ch oice, image and pleasure have all been the center of extensive tourism research(McLellan and Fousher, 1983; Pyo et al. , 1989;Selby and Morgan, 1996; Sirakaya et al. , 1996).The subsequent inventory demonstrates components of tourist destination attractiveness, amassed from these sources, which were literature reviews concerning tourist destination choice, image and tourist satisfaction. Attractions †¢ Scenery/natural resources; †¢ Climate; †¢ Culture; †¢ Food; †¢ History; †¢ Ethnicity; and †¢ Accessibility. Facilities and services †¢ Accommodation; †¢ Airports; †¢ bus/train stations; †¢ Sport facilities; †¢ Entertainment; †¢ Shopping centers; and †¢ Food and beverage facilities. Infrastructure †¢ Water systems; †¢ Communication networks; †¢ Health care; †¢ Power sources; †¢ Sewage/drainage areas;†¢ Streets/highways; and †¢ Security systems. Hospitality †¢ Friendliness; â₠¬ ¢ Helpfulness; and †¢ Responsiveness to complaints. Cost †¢ Value for money; †¢ Accommodation prices; †¢ Food and beverage prices; †¢ Transportation prices; and †¢ Shopping prices Directly or indirectly, small businesses participate in an dynamic role in granting roughly all the physical and intangible components of attractiveness acknowledged in the lists shown above. Thus, they contribute significantly to visitor satisfaction/dissatisfaction and to tourist opinion and images of destinations. Small hospitality businessesHotel firms provide products which include tangible and intangible elements that combine into an exclusive combination of production and service. While room provision is a pure service activity, food and beverage functions involve processing and retailing processes. This might signify that the actual delivery of hospitality services may diverge widely and that the benefits derived are associated with feelings or emotions. The repercus sions are that consumers use biased and contradictory frames of reference to judge the quality of services, presenting difficulties for the hotel operative in satisfying the customer.Customer prejudice is emphasized in Day and Peters comments that â€Å"Quality is rather like pornography in this respect. We may not be able to describe it easily, but we know it when we see it†. Its ambiguity is amplified because high quality service is often delivered by impulsive and since reacts by hotel staff which cannot simply be practiced or scripted, but are even so an important means of client satisfaction. In order to endure and be successful, a business has to make sure that it is producing the goods or services that the customer wants, that it gets its quality right, and that it brings on time.There is a growing body of evidence which suggests that are straight links with the satisfaction of the server and customer, repeat sales and profits. Heskettet al. implies that quality, repea t usage, profits and investment form a self-reinforcing rotation. As a result, despite the apparently indefinable nature of the hotel product, service improvement can represent an important source of competitive advantage because quality in service delivery can lead to more repeat custom and greater sales revenue.Augmented presentation may also benefit managers and staff whose tangible and intangible benefits include job satisfaction, profit sharing and esteem. Small businesses are imperative to the financial health of both developed and developing countries. Gavron et al. (1998) makes a note of the vitality of the hospitality and tourism sector in this regard, in which low barrier to access generally ensure a steady supply of new businesses; at the same time as unproductive or inefficient ones are going through difficulty. Quinn et al. (1992) remarks on the somewhat low capital investment required to start new small tourist businesses.Entry costs can be abridged even for relatively asset-intensive businesses such as hotels, through leasing or through mortgage/loan agreements. Welshand White (1981) describe as resource poverty the inclination of small hospitality businesses to be short of financial backing and management skill and Gavron et al. (1998) refer to this as the reason why 64 per cent of UK small businesses fall short within four years. In Germany, where an inspection is required before an industrialist can start up in business, the rate is 32 per cent.Specific tourism-related statistics are limited, but, for example, Chelland Pittaway (1997) report that almost 50 percent of restaurants did not endure the first two years in their study. The British Venture Capital Association (1996) makes a note that many small business managers are provoked by life style rather than economic and success issues. While this does not automatically mean that they function to insufficient professional standards, it does simply that they may not be motivated to endeavor f urther improvement in a business which already produces adequate profits.Eggers et al. (1994) note that businesses either look for stabilization or have an expansion orientation. They categorize a series of central business stages and comment that a business which is thriving at one stage may not have the knowledge crucial to uphold success in others. Thus, although small businesses have a vital part in creating tourist satisfaction, they are neither a homogeneous group, nor able to give constantly high service delivery.

The Odyssey And The Apology - 1743 Words

A narrative of the self allows for the author to present a theme that is easily relatable to the reader. Through this the reader aligns themselves with the theme and is able to learn a lesson or change a way of thinking. The Odyssey and the Apology are works that have underlying themes, in which through critical reading the reader can identify and learn from. The Odyssey and the Apology do not have the same plot, but express similar themes. The texts express the theme of everyone has their flaws, but those flaws do not mean you have bad intentions. Also another underlying theme in the texts and in most narratives of the self, is to show growth as a character. The Odyssey is a story of Odysseus’s nostos. In the epic poem the reader follows Odysseus on his 20 year long voyage home. In the Odyssey, Odysseus is repeatedly referred to as noble, wise and heroic. Many times those qualities are based on his military escapades and kingly rule. The real personality of Odysseus is that of an arrogant liar and cheat. In terms of social mores, the undesirable traits are used to get Odysseus back home to the wife and kingdom he loves dearly. In his voyage back Odysseus has to face many powerful monsters that can kill him at will, and he has to outwit many of those monsters and seductresses to survive and continue his voyage. Through every new obstacle, Odysseus keeps his reunion with Penelope and his kingdom close to his heart. He tells Kalypso â€Å"what I want and all my days I pine forShow MoreRelated Comparing Two Heros - Beowulf and Odysseus Essays618 Words   |  3 PagesComparing Two Heros - Beowulf and Odysseus Reading through Beowulf I began to compare it to the last great epic I read, Homer’s Odyssey. While the Odyssey and Beowulf are each examples of both historic and modern ideas of heroism, the acts of Beowulf’s hero seem to fit better within its context. 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