Essay --

History has been written from the viewpoint of victors in every history textbook up to this point. In A Peoples History of the United States, Howard Zinn presents a report of history told from the perspective of the oppressed American people. It begins with the arrival of Christopher Columbus in 1492 and concludes with the result of the Gore and bush 2000 presidential election. Zinn gives the unfiltered truth from educators in todays develop systems. By establishing a perspective of everyday common people, as strange to the familiar victors students have been taught in school systems, Zinn creates a recap of history that informs his readers on well known historical subjects. It calls scenarios overlooked by mainstream class books, and speaks for the voiceless. This engaging process of teaching is mind-altering, demonstrating how the roles of wealth, race, and gender go a role in American history. Why did Howard Zinn choose to base his novel on the oppressed people throughout history as opposed to the heroes? Zinn makes an important distinction from the start about his values towards the perspective and experiences of the oppressed over the view of the oppressor. Zinn prefered to recap the history of the US that was formerly swept infra the rug. Zinn writes to show the outlook that is not presented in majority of history books, but he considered that his point of view is not the only one worth perceiving. He resolves that, I dont want to invent victories for peoples movements...I believe, emphasize new possibilities by disclosing those hidden episodes of the past when, even if in brief flashes, people showed their ability to resist, to join together, now and again to win(Zinn 11). Zinn intends to display the angle o... ...mansions persons of Quality traveled in coaches or sedan chairs, had their portraits painted, wore periwigs, and filled themselves with rich food and Madeira...In Newport, Rhode Island, Bridenbaugh found, as in Boston, that the towns people meetings, while ostensibly democratic, were in reality controlled year after year by the same group of merchant aristocrats, who secured most of the important offices...(Zinn 48). White Americans would describe this time period in a positive approach, due to the evidence that they have significance in the government. The victors have definite rights, wealth, and all the work drops on the backs of their slaves. In this time period, a persons social class and race determines what they experience throughout their lifetime. These actions arrange an altogether distinct story and outlook than those who endured a different lifestyle.

Chaucers View of the Pardoner as a Character Essay -- Geoffrey Chauce

Chaucers View of the Pardoner as a CharacterIn the Pardoners Tale, Chaucer presents the Pardoner in a particularlight, and being a religious figure, this allows him to make a generalstatement about pietism at the time. Chaucers view of the Pardoneras a character, and also as something to epitomise religion at thetime, is evident from his use of vocabulary, his style, and by usingstrong imagery and description. In this way, Chaucer builds thecharacter of the Pardoner as somebody who is ironically deceptive anddriven by his own selfish motives.A key theme that runs throughout the Pardoners Prologue is religion,and as the Pardoners proper role is to act as an intercessor betweenthose who wish to repent and God himself, it is appropriate thatChaucer uses a great deal of religious lexis. thither are many examplesof this all through the text, such as when he mentions that thePardoner carries Bulles of popes and cardinals or officialdocuments signed by popes and cardinals. The plural use of the backchatpopes reveals a lot about the Pardoner in that it immediately showshis disregard and contempt for the clergy. Religiously, there is onlymeant to be one Pope and pluralizing the word devalues the pro-noun toa simple noun. The lack of determiners only further degrades the Popeas it shows no differentiation in these religious figures and others.They are simply the same and en masse, whereas, believers of thereligion would disagree and be of the opinion that the Pope is thehighest religious authority, but the Pardoner brings him down to basiclevels and standards.Another example of lexis related to religion is when the Pardoner saysI stonde lyk a clerk in my pulpet. This simile un... ...oner and Chaucer does not let his readers forget it as he givescontinuous reminders throughout the text.Chaucer is not always so knowing in his presentation of the Pardoner.Near the end of the prologue, the Pardoner boldly asserts that thoughmyself be a full vicious man, A moral tale e ven so I you telle kan. Thepardoner describes himself as we have aready been made to see him byChaucers other techniques and here he admits it shamelessly, whichonly adds to the readers negative impression of him, in that he isnot only deceptive, deceitful and vicious but he also has no regretor remorse for his actions and attitudes, hence he is supposed(prenominal) tochange. It is ironic that the Pardoner admits to this characteristicof his and then claims that he will still be able to tell a moraltale, although his admittance also shows that he is aware of thisirony.

Womens Role in Chronicle of a Death Foretold Essay -- Gabriel Garcia

In Latin America, wo hands are treated differently from men and children. They do lots of work for unexplainable reasons. Others for phantasmal reasons and family orders and others because of the men involved. Women are like objects to men and have to obey their orders to either be rich or to live. Some have sex to get the mens approval, others marry a rich man that they dont even know very well, and become slaves. An important book called Chronicles of a goal Foretold is an example of how these women are treated. Purisima del Carmen, Angela Vicarios mother, has raised Angela and her sisters to be good wives. The girls do not marry until late in life, rarely socializing beyond the outsides of their own home. They evanesce their time sewing, weaving, washing and ironing. Other occupations include arranging flowers, cleaning up the house, and writing engagement letters to other men. They also keep the old traditions alive, such(prenominal) as helping the sick, comforting the dying, and covering the dead. While their mother believes they are perfect, men view them as too tied to their womens traditions. The men are xenophobic that the women would pay more attention to their job more than the men. Throughout the book, the women receive the respect they deserve from the men and others around them.Any man will be happy with them because they have been raised to suffer (pg 31, Marquez) This quote talks about how the daughters are taught embroidery, machine sewing, lace weaving, helping the unfortunate, and serving just to cope with the society. most(prenominal) married women get engaged at the age of 14. The man may be 17 or 18. Not saying that if a female is a hard worker but looks ugly that she wouldnt get a forced marriage. M both Latin American women would li... ...es one forgot she existed. The daughters she raises are perfect any man will be happy with them because theyve been raised to suffer. As for marriage, they must do as their family says, not out of love. This means they cant pickaxe anyone they want to marry, the family does. Most Latin American families want their lady to marry a wealthy man. They know that wealthy man is aggressive, so Angela or her sisters would be perfect since they are raised to deal with harsh situations. So when Angela Vicario is told by her parents that she must marry Bayardo San Romn, a wealthy and somewhat mysterious noncitizen who knows from the instant he sees Angela, that she is the woman he must have. She has no choice but to consent, particularly since her family is of modest means. Bibliography Marquez, Gabriel Garcia. Chronicles of a Death Foretold, 2008, Vintage.

The Effects of Nature and Nurture on Shaping of Behavior Essay

The Effects of Nature and Nurture on Shaping of behavior The nature/nurture investigation has been studied for many years by psychologists and it is a subject that is still in debate today. It brings up the question, how is our behaviour shaped, and the 2 grimaces of the answer are nature and nurture. Behaviour in the context of a human being can be described as the way humankind act and think in situations. What is meant by nature and nurture? Nature is the name used to describe the biological aspects that shape behaviour, for example genes. Nurture is the word used to describe the social aspects that shape behaviour, for example interaction with parents. This essay will cover both sides of the argument referring to psychological theory. To start with the psychodynamic theory, this is defined, according to Dictionary.com as The interaction of various conscious and unconscious mental or emotional processes, especially as they influence person ality, behaviour, and attitudes. This is a theory used on the side ...

Changing Gender Roles in William Shakespeares Macbeth Essay -- Macbet

Changing Gender Roles in William Shakespeares Macbeth Much attention has been paid to the theme of manliness as it appears without Macbeth. In his introduction to Macbeth in The riverside Shakespeare, Frank Kermode contends that the play is about the eclipse of civility and manhood, and the temporary triumph of evil (1307). Stephen Greenblatt emphasizes the same idea in The Norton Shakespeare, crediting Lady Macbeth for encouraging her husband through both sexual taunting and the terrible force of her determination (2557-58). Macbeth responds to his wife with a clear sense of the proper boundaries of his identity as a manful and as a human being, telling her I dare do all that may become a man/Who dares do more is none (I.7.46-47) (2558). Both Kermodes and Greenblatts notions focus upon how Macbeths maleness is recognized and defined -- by Macbeth himself as well as by the potentially influential people who surround him. The critics who introduce the play in these study antholog ies perceive the same weakness in Macbeths character as the apparently evil forces who play upon it do Macbeths masculinity becomes the psychological vehicle through which he becomes incensed, inspired, and finally incited to action. If Macbeths manliness is to be questioned, it is not likely to occur within the male-dominated world of battlefields and military victories which Shakespeare introduces in Act I, Scene 2. In this passage, the bleeding superior praises Macbeths heroism, contending . . . brave Macbeth--well he deserves that name--Disdaining fortune, with his brandished steelWhich smoked with bloody execution,Like valours minionCarved out his passage till he faced the slave,Which ne... ... Universities Modern expression Association 70 (Nov. 1988) 366-85. Dolan, Frances. The Taming of the Shrew Texts and Contexts. Boston Bedford, 1996. Greenblatt, Stephen. Introduction to Macbeth. The Norton Shakespeare. New York Norton, 1997. 2555-63. Hawkins, Michael. History, pol itics, and Macbeth. Focus on Macbeth. Ed. John Russell Brown. London Routledge, 1982. 155-88. Kermode, Frank. Introduction to Macbeth. The Riverside Shakespeare. Boston Houghton, 1974. 1307-11. Stallybrass, Peter. Macbeth and Witchcraft. Focus on Macbeth. Ed. John Russell Brown. London Routledge, 1982. 189-209. Williamson, Marily L. Violence and Gender Ideology. Shakespeare Left and Right. Ed. Ivo Kamps et al. New York Routledge, 1991. 157-66. Winstanley, Lilian. Macbeth, King Lear, and Contemporary History. Cambridge Cambridge UP, 1922.

Changing Gender Roles in William Shakespeares Macbeth Essay -- Macbet

Changing Gender Roles in William Shakespeares Macbeth Much attention has been paid to the theme of manliness as it appears throughout Macbeth. In his introduction to Macbeth in The riverside Shakespeare, Frank Kermode contends that the play is about the eclipse of civility and manhood, and the temporary triumph of evil (1307). Stephen Greenblatt emphasizes the same idea in The Norton Shakespeare, crediting wench Macbeth for encouraging her husband through both sexual taunting and the terrible force of her determination (2557-58). Macbeth responds to his wife with a clear sense of the proper boundaries of his indistinguishability as a male and as a human being, telling her I dare do all that may become a man/Who dares do to a greater extent is none (I.7.46-47) (2558). Both Kermodes and Greenblatts notions focus upon how Macbeths masculinity is recognized and defined -- by Macbeth himself as well as by the potentially influential people who surround him. The critics who disclose th e play in these major anthologies perceive the same weakness in Macbeths character as the apparently evil forces who play upon it do Macbeths masculinity becomes the psychological vehicle through which he becomes incensed, inspired, and finally incited to action. If Macbeths manliness is to be questioned, it is not likely to occur within the male-dominated world of battlefields and military victories which Shakespeare introduces in Act I, moving-picture show 2. In this passage, the bleeding Captain praises Macbeths heroism, contending . . . brave Macbeth--well he deserves that name--Disdaining fortune, with his brandished steelWhich smoked with bloody execution,Like valours minionCarved out his passage till he faced the slave,Which ne... ... Universities Modern Language Association 70 (Nov. 1988) 366-85. Dolan, Frances. The Taming of the Shrew Texts and Contexts. Boston Bedford, 1996. Greenblatt, Stephen. Introduction to Macbeth. The Norton Shakespeare. New York Norton, 1997. 2555-63. Hawkins, Michael. History, politics, and Macbeth. Focus on Macbeth. Ed. John Russell Brown. London Routledge, 1982. 155-88. Kermode, Frank. Introduction to Macbeth. The Riverside Shakespeare. Boston Houghton, 1974. 1307-11. Stallybrass, Peter. Macbeth and Witchcraft. Focus on Macbeth. Ed. John Russell Brown. London Routledge, 1982. 189-209. Williamson, Marily L. Violence and Gender Ideology. Shakespeare Left and Right. Ed. Ivo Kamps et al. New York Routledge, 1991. 157-66. Winstanley, Lilian. Macbeth, King Lear, and Contemporary History. Cambridge Cambridge UP, 1922.

Milk Production Linear Programing Essay

Abstract A Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) mildew is proposed in this paper that targets the optimal proceedsion computer programming in a single take out labor line. The set takes into account all the standard constraints encountered in business scheduling (material balances, stock-take limitations, mechanismry capacity, labor shifts and manpower restrictions). Furthermore, it considers special features that characterize milk w beion, which are limitations in crosswayion sequencing mainly due to different fat contents and flavors of various products and sequence-dep give upent frame-up generation and be.The butt billet that is minimized considers all major sources of variable cost that depend on the product schedule, i. e. rebirth cost, arsenal cost and labor cost. The model is use to a milk production line of a Sala industry in Iran and the results are presented and discussed. Keywords Production scheduling Mixed integer linear programming Sequence- ope n setups. 1. grounding Several restrictions encountered in every daytime production complicate the scheduling problem. The available railway car time and man hours constitute a significant restriction to the problem. some other issue in the scheduling process is accomplishment of the production targets. There are several possible modes of operation and the choice among them depends on the goal sought, which could be the optimization of production earliness or tardiness or the optimization of the incurring production profit or cost.. There could also be limitations in the production sequence. practiced issues can arise due to configuration modifications in the machinery during transitions or due to changes in the packaging materials. Both require a spiritual rebirth time,during which the production is seized.In some cases the equipment has to be cleaned during transitions,which additionally creates a passage costdue to losses of product quantities and consumption of utilities. M uch of the scheduling research is directed towards problems with sequence-independent transitions. A scheduling methodological analysis that incorporates sequence-dependent changeovers would be closer to reality and increase its effectiveness to a great extent. This can be justified as followsIf a sequence of operations requires profuse changeover time,it should non be preferred,despite the fact that its setup cost may be small.Setup cost in this situation would be high setup time would vary depending on the cleaning procedure. A comprehensive review of scheduling problems that consider sequence-dependent transitions between products can be found in Reklaitis( two hundred0) and Allahverdi et al. (1999). another(prenominal) important issue that must be considered in milk production scheduling is the rather short life-cycle of the products that must be consumed in a field of study of weeks or even days. Furthermore, customers prefer that the milk they buy is as fresh as possible.Th is pushes towards a just-in-time mode of operation,which makes the supply chain more susceptible to fluctuations in demand. All the above factors need to be taken into consideration in the design and implementation of the scheduling process. (Schuermann &Kannan, 1977 Sullivan & Secrest, 1985) + Corresponding author. Tel. 09183601930 E-mail address h-javanmardhaiau-arak. ac. ir 318 1. 1. speech communication Indices i days j, k, l products N scheduling skyline (days) P number of products demand(i, j) demand for product j on day i (ton) csetup(j,k) changeover cost from product j to productk () tsetup(j,k) changeover time from product j to productk (h).Cstorage storage cost (/1000 cups/day) cost for the three shifts (/h) u(j) machine accelerate for product j (ton/h) openinv(i, j), tarinv(i, j) opening and target register level of product j at the end of day i (ton) M(j), l(j) maximum and minimum production lots(ton) prod(i,j) produced bill of product j on day i (ton) inv(i, j) inventory level of product j at the end of day i(ton) Time(i) total utilization of machine, including changeover times on day i (h) BIN(i, j) production of product j on day i (1/0) BINSETUP(i,j,k) changeover from product j to product k on day i (1/0).The rest of the paper is structured as follows In the next section the motivating example that led to the development of the model is briefly described. 1. 2. Parameters 1. 3. Decision variables 2. Problem definition model formulation.The problem that is examined in this paper has the following structure Given the daily demand of for all(prenominal) one product, the head start inventory, setup costs and times for the transitions between products, the production speed of apiece product, the inventory holding cost, the labor cost for the three working shifts, the sequencing limitations 3. objective of the model is to decide and take the products to be manufactured in each day and their respective quantities, the machine time (starting time and ending time) utilized by each product the inventory quantities of each product at the end of each day. At the same time, the constraints of the problem should be met.There are restrictions in production demands, due dates of orders, sequencing of operations, available machine time and man hours. More precisely, the basic characteristics of the proposed scheduling marionette are the following 3. 1 3. 2 319 Model formulation and time representation The formulation that is presented in this paper uses binary variables to indicate whether setup between two products takes family or not. The total scheduling horizon is separated into discrete-time periods, whose length isequal to one day.Within each time period, continuous- time formulation was preferred in order to reduce the size of the model and the necessitate outcome time and increase the accuracy of the model regarding time representation. Food industry-specific The methodology tha t is presented in this work is oriented towards the food industry, as it takes into consideration a set of production restrictions that are frequent in food and especially milk production practice.Moreover, transitions between products are sequence dependent, meaning that both changeover times and costs are considered as sequence dependent. One more industry-specific requirement is the fact that at the endof the day all the equipment must be cleaned. So, production is seized at the end of each day. (P. Doganis, H.Sarimveis / Journal of Food Engineering 80 (2007) 445453 447). Demand satisfaction Demand is product-specific and is considered daily, that is, there are product orders and due dates at bottom the scheduling horizon, often multiple within the week. Early production is possible but tardiness is not allowed. Decision variables A number of model characteristics are not fixed or pre-determined in order to allow the solution algorithm to search for a combination of their value s that would optimize the objective function. Objective function The objective function not only takes makespan into consideration, but also includes setup costs, standard and overtime labor costs and inventory costs.The model is formulated as a Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) problem, which is explained in details in the sequel. 3. 3 Parameters scheduling horizon, number and sequencing of products, demand of each product for each day, setup time and cost for each possible transition, storage cost of a unit of product for a day, labor cost for each shift, machine speed for each product, opening inventories and target inventories at the end of the scheduling horizon. 3. 4 Decision variables The optimal values of the decision variables are provided by the solution of the optimization problem and can be grouped into continuous variables and binary variables.For each day in the scheduling horizon, the optimal values of the following variables are obtained 3. 5 Continuo us variables The produced quantity of each product. The inventory level of each product at the end of the day. The total utilization of the machine including the setup times. double star variables Binary variables (one for each product) indicating whether the respective product is to be produced in the event day. Binary variables (one for each possible transition) indicating whether the respective changeover will take place or not. 3. 6 4. Objective function minimization of The objective function represents the production cost, variable cost csetup(j,l).BINSETUP(i,j,l)+ inv(i,j). cstorage +?cost . Time(i) which is comprised of the setup costs, the inventory holding costs and the labor costs for all days of the scheduling horizon. Raw material and utility costs do not depend on any particular schedule and are not included in the objectivefunction. 320 4. 1 Constraints The constraints that must be satisfied are expressed by the following set of equations. The label of the par ameters and variables are explained in the nomenclature. 4. 1. 1 Relationship between continuous variables and binary Variables Prod(i, j)? m(j). bin(i,,j) Prod(i,,j)? (j). bin(i,,j) where m(j) and (j) indicate the maximum and the smallest lot sizes allowed.The above inequalities express the restriction that production of product j in day i is allowed (prod(i, j) 0) if and only if the binary variable BIN(i, j) takes the value of 1. Similarly, product j is not manufactured in day i (prod(i, j) = 0), if and only if the binary variable BIN(i, j) takes the value of 0.4. 1. 2 Total material balance for each product throughout the scheduling horizon Openinv(j)+? prod(i,,j)=? demand(i,,j)+inv(N,,j) The summation of produced quantities of product j throughout the production horizon plus the initial inventory must equal the sum of demand of all days plus the inventory of product j at the end of the last day. Earliness is possible, but no tardiness is allowed Inv(1,,j)=openinv(j)+prod(1,,j )-demand(1,,j) Inv(1,j)?0 Inv(i,j)=inv(i-1,,j)+prod(i,,j)-demand(i,,j) i1 Constraints (5 and (6 calculate the daily inventory levels for each product j, while at the same time require that daily demands are satisfied and no tardiness is allowed. At the end of the first day, the inventory must equal the initial inventory plus any produced quantity, reduced by the demand of that day (Eq.5 On any other day, the inventory must be equal to the inventory level of the previous day plus any produced quantity, reduced by that days demand. Satisfaction of the target inventory level at the end of the scheduling horizon Inv(N,,j)=tarinv(j) The inventory levels at the end of the scheduling horizon must meet the targets. 4. 2 Case study.The case study presented here concerns a specific milk production line, where 4products are produced. The products are indicated in Table 1 along with the production speeds. The problem for a six-day schedulinghorizon. The proposed tool was utilized to calculate the optimal production schedule for a week, for which the execute list of data are shown in Tables 15 Both opening and target inventories are set to zero for all 4different products in this case study.Setup constraints We need the binary variable BINSETUP(i, j,l) to take the value of 1 if and only if there is a changeover from product j to product l on day i. This is achieved by the following set of inequalitieswhere k is a sufficiently small number.It is shown that for each case there is only one possiblevalue of BINSETUP (i, j, l), which is becoming equal to 1, only if BIN(i, j) is 1 and BIN(i,l) is 1 . The MILPoptimization problem that was formulated was solved using the LINDO 6. 1The optimal production schedule, daily machine utilization and daily inventory levels are depicted respectively in Tables 6-8e production schedule contains the decisions concerning the products to be manufactured every day and therespective quantities. As can be observed, 321 production is accommodated towards the minimization of cost. Table 8 gives the daily machine utilization time allocated to each product.Additionally, the total time that the machine is utilized every day (including the changeover times) is shown in the last row of the same table Table 1 Production sequence and machine speed Priority Product Machine speed (in ton) machine speed 1 2 3 4 PRODUCTION P Pasteurized milk uninventive milk Homogenized milk coconut milk U(j) 36 30 24 18 Table 2 Changeover costs (in ) PRODUCTION Changover costs 1 2 3 P Pasteurized milk Sterile milk Homogenized milk Sterile 130000 Homogenized 520000 520000 Coco 650000 650000 790000 Table 3 Change over times (in h) PRODUCTION Changover times 1 2 2 P Pasteurized milk Sterile milk Homogenized milk Sterile 0. 8 Homogenized 0. 3 0. 3 Coco 0. 4 0. 4 0. 5 Tale4 Maximum & minimum production on day(in ton).PRODUCTION cleverness of production 1 2 3 4 p Pasteurized milk Sterile milk Homogenized milk Coco milk (j) 18 15 12 9 m(j) 288 240 192 14 4 Table 5 Production demand during the scheduling horizon (in ton) Production day by day demand Wednesday Thursday cl 150 100 60 28 19 15 sum 550 420 160 135 P Saturday Sunday Monday Tuesday Pasteurized milk 50 200 Sterile milk 27 150 83 Homogenized milk 20 25 53 43 Coco milk 42 20 30.Table 6 The calculated production schedule (in ton) Production Daily production Wednesday Thursday 150 18 100 15 14 28 sum 550 420 160 135 P Saturday Sunday monday tuesday Pasteurized milk 288 94 Sterile milk 72 150 83 Homogenized milk 20 12 12 12 Coco milk 42 56 Table7 Daily production time including setup times (in h) 322 Production Daily production time.rized milk Sterile milk Homogenized milk Coco milk Saturday 8 2. 4 0. 8 2. 3 Sunday 2. 6 0. 5 3. 1 Monday 5 0. 5 Tuesday 2. 8 0. 5 0. 5 Wednesday Thursday 4. 2 3. 3 1. 6 0. 5 0. 5 4. 3.Table 8 bloodline levels beyond the safety limits at the end of each day (in ton) inventory P Pasteurized milk Sterile milk Homogenized milk Coco milk saturday 238 7 2 Daily inventory sunday monday 94 tuesday Wednesday Thursday 104 56 In these charts both production times for the different products and changeover times between products can be observed. Finally, Table 8 provides full knowledge of the inventory profile throughout the scheduling horizon. 5. Conclusions.The problem of production scheduling for a milk productionline of a dairy industry was studied in this work. The specific restrictions of the milk production process were taken into consideration in the formulation of a production scheduling optimization problem. The problem contains only linear equalities and inequalities, so that the global optimum solution is reached in a very short time. other important aspect is that the optimization criterion is not restricted to time consideration (i. e. production time or earliness/tardiness), but includes production sequence dependent costs, labor costs and inventory holding costs, in order to represent more realistically the production cos t while achieving production goals.The model produces the complete production schedule for a selected future horizon, including the sequence of products that should be produced every day and the respective quantities and the inventory levels at the endof each day. Ultimately, a production homework system that would include all production lines in a plant, including raw material and inventory capacity considerations, would offer a complete scheduling tool for the dairy industry. FinanLP OPTIMUM FOUND AT STEP OBJECTIVE FUNCTION VALUE 1) 46920000 6.References 32 1 Allahverdi, A. , Gupta, J. N. D. , & Aldowaisan, T. (1999). A review of scheduling research involving setup considerations. Omega, 27(2),219239. 2 Nakhla, M. (1995).. supranational Journal of Operations & Production Management, 15(8), 7388. 3 Pinto, J. M., & Grossmann, I. E. (1998). Assignment and sequencing models for the scheduling of chemical processes.Annals of Operations Research, 81, 433466. 4 Kohansal(2007),national congeress of food technology,1-5 5 Reklaitis, G. V. (2000). Overview of planning and scheduling technologies. Latin American utilise Research, 30(4), 285293. 6 Schuermann, A. C. , & Kannan, N. P. (1977). A production forecasting and planning system for dairy processing. Computers and Industrial Engineering, 2, 153158. 7 Sullivan, S. , & Secrest, S. C. (1985). A simple optimization DSS for Interfaces, 15, 4653. Philip DOGANIS(2007)journal of food engineering,445-453. 323.

Pmp Application Sample

PMP Application Work Experience Please enter the number of hours spent on each of these tasks for each pop out. Please enter a assess between 0 and 9999. Hours must be entered in quarter hour increments. 1 Initiating Process Conduct mold selection methods to evaluate the feasibility of new-made products or services let out key stakeholders and perform analysis to gain buy-in and requirements for the success of the project. Define the scope of the project based on the organization select to meet the customer project expectations. 0. 00 grow the project charter and review it with key stakeholders to confirm project scope, risks, issues, assumptions and constraints as well as obtain project charter cheering from the project sponsor. Identify and document high level risks, assumptions and constraints using historical data and expert judgment. 128. 00 2 Planning Process Identify key project team members and define roles and responsibilities to create a project organization social structure to develop a communication plan.Create the work breakdown structure with the team to develop the cost, schedule, resource, quality and procurement plans. Identify project risks to define risk strategies and develop the risk management plan. Obtain project plan approval from the customer and conduct a kick off meeting with all key stakeholders. Define and record detail project requirements, constraints and assumptions with the stakeholders to establish the project deliverables. Develop the change management plan to define how changes will be handled to manage the triple constraints. 36. 00 3 Executing Process Manage proactively the resource allocation by ensuring that appropriate resources and tools are assigned to the tasks according to the project plan. Execute the tasks defined in the project plan in order to achieve the project goals. fit a common understanding and set expectations through communication to align the stakeholders and team members. Hours 8. 00 Hours Hou rs Required 4500 Hours Hours Hours Hours 8. 00 40. 00 40. 00 40. 00 40. 00 40. 00 0. 00 128. 00 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 8. 00 8. 00 40. 00 40. 00 8. 0 40. 00 40. 00 8. 00 40. 00 40. 00 0. 00 136. 00 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 40. 00 20. 00 40. 00 20. 00 8. 00 8. 00 Improve team performance by twist team cohesiveness, leading, mentoring, training, and motivating in order to facilitate cooperation, envision project efficiency and boost morale. Implement a quality management plan to ensure that work is being performed according to required quality standards. Implement approved changes according to the Change Management Plan. Obtain project resources in accordance with a procurement plan.Implement the approved actions and workarounds required to minimize the impact of project risks. 92. 00 4 Monitoring and Controlling Measure project performance using appropriate tools and techniques. ascertain and manage changes to the project scope, project schedule and project costs as de fined in the change management plan. Monitor the status of all identify risks, identify any new risks, take corrective actions and update the risk response plan. Ensure the project deliverables conform to quality standards established in the project quality plan. 0. 00 5 Closing Process Formalize and obtain final acceptance for the project. Identify, document and communicate lessons learned. Archive and retain project records, historical learning and documents (e. g. , project schedule, project plan, lessons learned, surveys, risk and issues logs, etc. ) in order to retain organizational knowledge, comply with statutory requirements, and ensure availability of data for potential procedure in future projects and internal/external audits. Obtain financial, legal and administrative project closure (e. . , final payments, warranties, contract signoff). 8. 00 8. 00 16. 00 16. 00 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 92. 00 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 8. 00 8. 00 8. 00 8. 00 8. 00 16. 00 40. 00 16. 00 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 8. 00 16. 00 16. 00 0. 00 0. 00 8. 00 Release all project resources and bring home the bacon performance feedback. Create and distribute final project report. Measure customer satisfaction at the end of the project. 64. 00 64. 00 64. 00 856. 00 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 8. 00 0. 00 40. 00 40. 00 0. 00 856. 00

Belonging – Short Story

Screaming in pain, Rebecca was about to give birth to her first baby. She was forced to have a homebirth as there were no hospitals most for miles. Her shrieks of pain had woken everyone in the neighbourhood, many came up to the house to get a glimpse of the situation. One of Rebeccas friends, Rick, had rushed into the house in a motion of minutes after he heard the screaming. Rick stayed with Rebecca for several hours that followed to comfort her as best he could. His best attempts to calm her d consume, it seemed, were not good enough. At last, the ordeal was over.After ten hours of labour she had finally given birth to a baby boy. As Rick turned to face Rebecca, he byword an expression of sadness in her eyes. He knew that she didnt want the baby, that she wasnt capable of providing for it with her waitressing job at a cafe. In the months that followed, Rebecca had a tough prison term trying to earn money to feed herself, let alone her son. She turned to drugs to fight her depr ession, unless she found that they had no effect. When her son, who she named William (Billy), was six years old, he started drill.There, he was a social outcast no one precious talk to him. Five more years passed before he decided to quit school and stay at home, he felt that he didnt belong anywhere else. Billy started experimenting with cocaine when he saw his m new(prenominal) using it, but she had been sober for a few years now. It seemed that for every year she got sober, her sons heart simultaneously grew colder. He joined rings, Billy had built a reputation that he could hustle and steal, but he got caught once and was sent to jail for three years.During his time at prison, he was working as an source for the guards on staff in exchange for protection from all the rapists and paedophiles that roamed the prison. When Billy had gotten out of jail, the reputation that he had built up had been crumbled he was kicked out of the gang because the other members were too suspicio us of him. He once again dropped to the rank of social outcast. In a vain attempt to get buttocks into the gang, he tried to act tough, fighting lot over little things, his attempts went unnoticed.He had turned to selling hug drug to the people on the streets for money. He sold crack until he had enough money to move up to cocaine, trying to fulfil the fantasy stuck in his brain. Tired of trying to get back into the gang, he engage a path to be with the hardcore gangs, with the cutthroats and the thugs. But when he stepped up to the gang, they turned him down saying any coward can sell drugs, anyone with a particle accelerator can kill a man. But only a real thug has stabbed someone till they die, standing in front of them staring square into their eyes.Feature Article The Plane of the Sleeping Beauty AnalysisBilly knew these men were well guarded, that they wanted to test him before business started. They proposed that he kill a woman to show he was cold hearted. Now Billy ha d a choice between going back to his life or making money with made men in the higher ranks. His dreams about cars and drugs made him agree, a hardcore gangster is all he ever wanted to be. He met them the next week, at night on a lonely street. They drove around the town, slow while it was raining, smoking and drinking for entertainment. Late at night they saw a woman walking alone, coming back on her way home.They quietly got out of the car and followed her, one of the people intent a shirt around her face and pushed her onto the floor. Billy picked her up and took her into an drop building, forcing her to go up onto the roof. They were yelling at her and telling her to stop moving and screaming, when she wouldnt listen, Billy hit the woman on the face until he had broken her jaw. Blood leaking through her clothes, she cried silently, praying to god. They proceeded to abuse her for the next few hours. At the end, one of the people next to Billy pulled out a handgun and gave it t o him.They told him that if he killed her, he was guaranteed a spot in the gang. Right before he killed her, he apprehension about the drugs, women and respect he would get and felt strong standing next to his new gang. He put the gun right to her head and pulled back the shirt from her face. What he saw made him cringe and stutter because he was staring into the eyes of his own mother. Rebecca started crying harder than when they were beating her up, broken inside that her own son was going to kill her. His whole world stopped, he couldnt contemplate what had just happened.His need to belong to a group he scarcely knew had ripped him apart from the one person he had the strongest bond with, his mother. He turned away from the woman who had once given him birth. As Billy dropped the gun, one of the other men picked it up and shot her in the head. Billy screamed out to the sky because he was lonely and scared right then he knew what it meant to be empty and cold and jumped off the roof and died with no soul. After that, the gang members hid their bodies and never spoke about it, as if they never existed. His death was much like his birth, painful, shrieking and a mistake.

Media’s Influence on Civil Rights Movement Essay

The brutality with which official would have quelled the black individual became impotent when it could non be pursued with stealth and remain unobserved. It was caughtas a fugitive from a penitentiary is often caughtin gigantic circling spotlights. It was imprisoned in a luminous glare revealing the naked truth to the whole world Martin Luther King (8, Kasher) The media controls the counselling the public views a controversial event. It can create the magic that everything is perfect by leaving out important information, or can reveal the deplorable truth as the media did during the civilian Rights Movement.It was not always that way though, during the Colonial eon the media glossed over the brutality African Americans faced. It was not until the photography and recorders were invented that the media could really no longer deny the awful reality of the African Americans lives. With the Civil Rights Movement as an example, the media has evolved into a more reliable source. As h istory goes on, African Americans are being reported on more truthfully the media has evolved into a more objective source containing more factual information.During 1700s, blacks were dehumanized and treated as animals they cooked, gathered and did anything their master ordered. When they finally took a stance and decided to gross out they were lynched. Yet, in the eyes of the media whites were the heroes. Instead of reporting on the revolts with objectivity, the reporters commonly asserted their opinions into the articles, In the past white news media ignored positive images of African American life (10, Kasher). No matter what the incident was the white man always was superior. Through the medias perspective, the whites were harmless and superior to the blacks.In an article from the Colonial Era when the slave revolts occurred the slaves were portrayed to be villains. The article stated, They conspired to murder all the Christians here and by that means thinking to obtain their Freedom They put their bloody innovation in Execution and setting fire to a House, they stood prepared with Arms to kill everybody that approachd to put it out and accordingly barbarously kill the following persons that were running to the fireThis has put us into no small Consternation the whole Town being under Arms (Boston News Letter, April 14, 1712). withal objectivity, the article failed to inform the public of the brutalities the slaves faced everyday. Never did the article state what happened to the slaves after the incident either. However, when slavery was abolished the black man was not always viewed as the villain. Nonetheless they were definitely not treated equally compared to whites, which fueled their fight for equal rights. Without the media, the Civil Rights Movement would have never been successful.The pictures and videos of the violence the blacks tolerated from white supremacists helped their suit because the photos and videos were undeniable. No longer were the black deal viewed as villains. Scenes unthinkable to Americans as American were shown to America and all the world. Public Sympathy and financial support, as wholesome as political backing, flowed to movement organizations (8 Kasher). The Emmett Till Case was an amazing example of this, the Jet and Chicago Defender ( some(prenominal) leading periodicals), reported on the story.The papers both included a picture of his swollen face as the aftermath of his horrific death. His case would transform the minds of many during that decade. From the attention the pictures of Emmett Till caused, the media recognized that august pictures made people want to read the articles. Also, the newspapers could not produce fake pictures, which forced them to be more truthful in their stories (Kasher 8). Currently, racialism is still an outlet in the United States but the press has helped bring awareness to the issue.For example, there are multiple blogs on how the world is still segregated even though there are no laws to support it. With the rise Internet, anyone is able to blog about their opinion on something or bring attention to a puzzle that is not being covered in the media. According to the book Blog by David Kline and Dan Burstein, the average writer is over forty, which means there is not a lot of new and fresh ideas brought to the table for newspapers and magazines (373 Kline and Burstein). However, with the new and upcoming trend of blogging there are a variety of opinions and ideas.Also, social networking has enabled people to communicate hot and its harder for the government or press to hide certain information from the public in order for our countries reputation to be protected. In respect to racism and how the media reports on it, our country still has a long way to go but has come far. There are still the inevitable reports about African Americans being in gangs and shootings however there are also stories of African Americans doing amazing things like becoming president.As the press learned during the Civil Rights Movement, people react more to shocking news so thats probably why there is so many negative events that are broadcasted over the picture and newspapers. The Internet has enabled the press to have more accurate and timely stories. The media has evolved into a more reliable source especially compared to Colonial Era. Also with all drill on the Internet the press is no longer the only source of information that the public can receive. That forces the media to be more truthful and value their lectors trust.

Management Styles Essay

Is a term that refers to the nature of the solelyiance surrounded by conductors and non-managerial operationforce. It includes not only the personal relationship between people but also the direction of communication and the attitudes that managers bedevil of employees and the attitudes they generate in employees. The term leadership is both(prenominal)times employ. This refers to the ways in which managers arrive at the attitudes and actions of their employees. Usually the actions desired are those which lead to the achievement of organizational objectives. A form of leadership in that locationfore implies a style of focusAuthoritarian steering styleIn authoritarian caution style all policy, the decision making and objectives are set by the manager or the person in charge of the occupancy, the run away communication is only unrivalled way and no feedback, employees cant answer back, theres no communication between them. The activities to achieve the objectives are s et by the manager. Often, steps are given one at the time meaning that the future steps are iridescent to the team. The manager t annihilates to specify the role of trade union movement and work colleagues of each team member.The manager offers personal praise or criticism of each members work. However he also remains distant from active participation in the theme except when demonstrating. An employee nows who gives the orders so its a trenchant concatenation of command.The major advantage of this is that it is always clear exactly what is wanted and tasks are very precisely defined. There is more(prenominal) efficiency, every one knows exactly what they have to do, there is no miss understanding. There are no disagreements no arguments because there is no feedback and the decision making are drive swifter.The major disadvantages are that subordinates are not allowed to be innovative or to suggest alternative strategies. This means that their motivation and enthusiasm are li kely to be low. There is a high de-motivation because they arent allowed to go by back, heed employees disembodied spirit depressed and lack of recognition, is when an individual thinks he is doing a pleasant job and doesnt get any praise from the managers.Democratic management styleIn democratic management style all policies, decisions and objectives are decided by group discussion, however is still the managers who makes the last decision. There is to way communication flow, the manager tries to create better understanding by seeking employees opinions and ideas, longing motivates the workers because they get more valued, more motivated and willing to work harder and maybe it could increase the eccentric of the intersections. Group members are able to work with whomever they wish, with division of tasks left up to the group. The manager tries to be objective in praising and criticizing the employee. However he also tries to be a member of the team without doing too much work on the business.The main advantage of the democratic approach is that it can be highly motivating to the employees. There is more point of views to help and manage the business properly and individuals feel more valued and motivated.The main disadvantages are that it can undermine the authority of management. Decision making may take long-lived to occur, cleverness be less efficient management style, its time consuming, takes long time to make a decision on the business, however it depends on the occasion.Consultative management styleIn consultative management style the policy, decisions are set by the manager, although group members views are encouraged, to way communication flow and horizontal communication. Activities to achieve objectives are communicated to team members to inform and allow their comments in how they should plan their objectives, there is lot of teamwork, and relations are lot more enough to every employee, everyone listens to your opinion, there is more pow er to make decisions. Employees have more autonomy, more independence. Group members may have a say in the type of task set them and the work of colleagues they are put with, however this is very important because there would be no argument between employees and more product activity would be produced. The leader may be involved with team members in the achievement of business goals.However consultative management is appropriate to egotism starters because theyve got the opportunity to use their own initiative to push them selfs to a higher level and to increase the business goals.Laissez-faire management styleIn Laissez-faire management style the employees has got complete freedom to make decisions, policies and the objectives. The manager has minimal involvement on how the business is going. The materials are supplied by the manager who makes it know that the other materials can be produced if requested. Manger has no other participation in discussion of the work. There is no par ticipation at all by the leader in the achievement of objectives. No attempt is made by the leader to appraise or regulate the course of activity used by the team. Few comments on the activities are offered unless requested. However there is no deadline, so theyve got all the time of the world to complete the task.The main advantages is that it allows for innovation and clean ideas and is highly motivating, because everyone has the liberty to do what they want to do, they take their own decisions. There are no deadlines to meet.The major disadvantage is that subordinates are not always clear what they are supposed to be doing, or are allowed to do, and conflicts can easily arise.Caspians management styleIn my point of view I accept not only should a style of management be chosen according to the type of organization, it should be chosen to suit the particular situation in a given organization, however in this case is Caspian, wish publishes magazines and organises events.Managers must therefore choose a management style to suit the situation. In some situations, Caspian could use Autocratic management because the company as deadlines to meet, they always have to be on time with their product, unfortunately if they dont they would definitely tone ending target audience. Therefore Caspian needs a strict management to meet deadlines and to bestow respect on the business and work efficient to produce impregnable quality to achieve the organisation goals.The advantages of autocratic management, is that it would be more swiftly for decision making. There would be no miss understandings, less disagreements, less arguments, because there is only one communication flow, there is no feed back from the employees. The most important of all is, there would be a clear chain of command between the leader and worker because all employees now who gives the orders on the business.However not all autocratic advantages are suitable to Caspian because the employees need to hav e a say on how the business is run, the employees need to share their point of view with the managers and communicate with them anything that is troubling them at that stage, otherwise the employees would became de-motivated and not complete their task properly. They would have Lack of recognition, when an individual feels he is doing a perfect job but receives no praise or encouragement from managers he may gradually lose the motivation to perform so effectively well on the company. Employees might also feel dishearten because they might not get reading about the organisation, only orders from the leader. Employees are dependent on the manager, if the manager becomes ill, employees want have a clue what to do because they never worked by them selfs, they wouldnt have initiative to start a job.There is no point in having technical ply and advisors if you dont take any cross out of their opinion. However managers should be able to rely on information staff offer and must give the m due consideration. Possibly more importantly, staffs need to feel that they contribute to the organisations success and that they are a valued member of the team, this is why democratic management techniques are required.In my opinion I think is more useful to Caspian because there is two way communication flows, and they seek for the employees decision making on how the business should be managed, however, at the end is still the manager that makes the final decision.On my point of view, democratic is useful to Caspian because they are a small business and if employees are having any problems, they can communicate with the employers and solve their problems. The relationships are a lot more equal, the employees have a little more power on how the decision making is made. The employers gives employees empower, wish allows them to communicate their point of view and motivate the team by empowering them to direct themselves, and guide them with a loose reign.Therefore if there is an y problem with machinery, if it isnt working perfectly, the employees would communicate with the managers and perhaps the problem might be solved. Democratic management style could help the employees to feel more inspired and work more efficient and effective, causing more product activity.Unfortunately there is a big constraint because is time consuming, everyone shares their decision making. Decision making would take longer to occur, however it depends on the occasion the business is situated.I believe I have a good balance between democratic and autocratic management styles. However no style is right all the time both are needed on the right occasion.Have effective and directed conversations, wish leads to open consultation, leading to the gathering of the maximum amount of information and leading to quality decision making.Caspian needs to find the key to make good quality decisions, leading to better business outcomes.Enhance your ability to empower your team, leading to incre ased employee commitment, leading to people motivated to take action.Caspian should develop a philosophy and strategy for educating staff about final decisions, leading to informed staff with an understanding of why decisions have been made, leading to better morale, mood and culture.Maximise organisational education through communication of decision outcomes, leading to an increased ability in staff to make informed decisions in the future.They need to develop strategies to encourage staff to engage in different ways of observing, leading to greater innovation and problem solving, leading to the organisation being able to anticipate, customer needs.

Ap Euro Essay 2-2

AP European Essay 2-2 The First World War brought about a phenomenon known as entireness war. Total war is a war fought on all fronts. A total war has the full support of the country and all human resources, from civilians to soldiers, are considered a part of the war effort. Total war during the first world war had a direct impact on the social, political, and economic structures of the European powers. Total war saw many changes in the social structures of Europe. With millions of men at the front unheard of dos of jobs were available to those who had become accustomed to unemployment and p everyplacety.This shell of situation was seldom seen before 1914 where unemployment and poverty had been facts of everyday life. The role of women in everyday life changed immensely with the arrival of total war. With such large number of positions that were typically worked by men opening up many women took roles in society that they had never considered before, such as police officers, mai l carriers, and even sedulousness workers. The presence of Total war as well promoted social equality, blurring class lines and closing the gap between the rich and the poor.This greater social equality was very manifest in Great Britain where wartime hardships were never extreme and where the bottom one third of the population actually lived better than they had before the war. The advent of total war also brought about change in the political structure of the European powers. During the first two years of the war both soldiers and civilians supported their governments and saw their county as having a just cause for fighting in the war. European governments employed rigorous censorship and propaganda in order to control the public opinion and maintain everyday support.By 1916 the stain of a total war began to wear on the people of Europe and some groups attempted to take service of this strain. One group who took advantage of this was the group of Irish nationalists in Dublin in who rose up against British rule in the Easter rebellion. Similar strikes and protests flared up all over Europe due to inadequate food rations. Total war not only changed the economy of Europe but also helped to bring about a war economy that would have lasting effects.When the war began Germany went about setting up the War Raw Materials Board to ration and distribute raw materials. down the stairs the direction of Walter Rathenau every useful material from foreign oil to barnyard manure was inventoried and rationed. Food also suffered from circumscribe with those who worked longer, harder days being allotted more food. This rationing of all useful resources facilitated the mobilization for total war and marked the first instance of state socialism functioning realistically rather than as a utopian program.Without these drastic economic changes the total war phenomenon would have never have come to fruition. The effort of both citizen and soldier were vital in transport abou t the total war phenomenon. The social, political, and economic structures of the European powers were changed in great ways due to many nations embracing the ideas that make up total war. tho through all of the many changes one thing was certain war is a vital facet in the changing of societies and countries will shape themselves roughly it. Not only had the lives of Europeans changed due to total war, but war had changed.

House of Representatives Essay

The US federal legislature is bicameral, then it consists of the Senate and the accommodate of proxys, and in theory they should two be of equal power. However, in reality it is the Senate which is considered to hold the most power, although there are arguments to in favour of them having equal rights. In order to reach a balanced judgement I will consider both sides of the argument, beginning with the claim that the Senate is more powerful than the home plate of Representatives.Senators represent an entire state, as members of the House of Representatives entirely represent districts, highlighting from the outset their different abilities to reach a broader spectrum of people, along with Senates being 1 of 100, and House members being 1 of 435. Therefore Senators commence an easier avenue to implement their fail, as a House representative has far less status, due to them being far denser in numbers a progress to example of this is that of Bill Frist who in January 2003 beca me majority leader after only eight years in the Senate. While at the same sequence Representative Nancy Pelosi became House minority leader, however she had been a member in the domicile since 1987. This tho highlights the ability of those with the senate to gain more status. Power within Congress is very much concentrated within committees, rather than that of the Chamber floor in question, which further highlights the Senates greater status, as Senators are far more likely to top committees, which further heightens their status on Capitol Hill.Senators are know both state-wide and even some(prenominal) are known nationwide, as House members are generally known in neither category. As a typical American sitting in the public gallery of the senate probably would not find difficulty in recognising such Senators as John McCain and John Kerry, as both have been their partys presidential candidate. This is a different story within the house as most people would be unable to reco gnise representatives other than their own however there have been few exceptions such as Ron Paul, although this does further highlight the lack of status the House members have and as a consequence hindered power. This point is backed up even more by the time members have before they face re-elections, as in the Senate this period is every six years but only every two in the house. whence displaying the implication of House members being less important than that of Senators who have a longer period to make themselves known to their people and carry out their work without the hindrance of elections.The senate is widely seen as a launching pad for a presidential campaign, as Presidents Obama, Nixon, Johnson, Kennedy and Truman were all former members of the Senate. While no member of the House in recent years has been chosen to run for President apart from Ron Paul in 2012, showing the Senates dominance within Congress in this area, as further instilling this point is the fact that 14 out of the last 15 elections the Democrats have nominated a senator as their vice-presidential candidate. However, when it comes down to limiting legislation the two chambers have mostly equal powers, as neither chamber can overturn the decision made by the other, therefore the senate cannot dominate the House.Along with the ruling that both chambers must approve constitutional amendments, the House does however have exclusive powers over money bills, but this is overshadowed by the Senates ability to ratify or even reject a treaty even though a super majority would be needed. The only power the House holds that would appear to make them more powerful is that over the president and Vice-President, as they have the ability to elect the resident in the high-minded event of deadlock within the Electoral College. Although this is an almost irrelevant power as the house has not exercised it since 1824.Overall, it is apparent that members of both chambers are remunerative equal amo unts, even though this is not an overriding argument for the two holding equal powers, it does add weight to them both having relatively equal powers, with the Senate receiving a greater amount of status within American Politics, this does not however mean they have an increased amount of power, the house is purely hindered by some factors such as the amount of members, which then makes many claim the Senate to be far more powerful than the House of Representatives, when the reality is slightly contrasting.

National Statistics of Health Essay

organisation statisticsThe office of field Statistics providing a large range of health and c be issues, Publications includes favorable Trends and, for more(prenominal) detailed information on health issues, Health Statistical Quarterly. The publication provide a wide range of statistics on parturition rank and death rates infant mortality rate and suicide rates as salubrious as appointments GPs surgeries and hospital admissions, and these are looked into as sociable tell, gender, age and geographical location. Government statistics also includes the morbidity rates rather than just the mortality rates, which is the amount of hatful in a specified period of limited diseases in probably a year. They question if it has increased or decreased, indeed for to be more open and specific they look in to sex, age, geographical location and social line. They bequeath precisely measure the morbidity rates, measured in terms of prevalence of a disease the list number of cases of specific disease in a certain time and people.Mortality rates and infant mortality rates are usually made for a indicator of health and well-being of population as a whole. Health and well being may be declining within those groups is embraced is a sign, when they are higher or rising in a particular location, or among a particular social group leads to this lie in their social and economic environment. Mortality rates are self-contained from the official and necessary registration of death. Mortality rates are ga in that respectd from the different sources counting GP and hospital appointments, hospital admissions and the registration well known diseases. There has been more according of measuring levels of visitation health.Difficulties in measuring healthAl carriages important to quote the source of the data when referring to statistics and using them in your work. Statistics should always be treated with awareness. You may not get an accurate picture of health and paralyze d health when the statistics are gathered from official sources. For example some people who arent ill assume they are and attend to the doctors, and the ones that are dont proceed to go to the doctors. Doctors could also assume 2 different diagnoses, for example one of the patients has been described as depressed just because they feel low and fetch no energy, as the other patient could be diagnose by post- viral fatigue syndrome. other doctorcould simply say its an result of just them not wanting to go to work.Social class and patterns of health and illnessSocial Class is linked to health because of four different reasons highlighted in the Black Report, The artifact approach is where the data between the higher and frown classes is not accurate enough, its a result of the way the data is source and collected. The social endurance explanation is when people who are fitter and in better health have a better chance of being apply in better jobs. In comparison to people in put down social groups according to this opening impart suffer more ill health and premature death because they are naturally little healthy and fit. ethnic explanations is when lifestyle choices are made regarding diet, smoking, exercise have an impact and make people less healthy than others in the higher social groups. People from the lower class occupations work in more manual situations than the upper class occupations. This can have a bad effect on the manual workers health as they are exposed to lifting and harmful environments. Statistics are treated with caution unless there is a great amount of evidence that health, ill health and life foresight are unsure according to social group and importantly social class. People with a higher class are living better and enjoying better health, rather than the lower social group.The Black (Townsend et al), report the well-nigh influential modern studies that consider the reasons of differences. And following of by that are the Ac heson Report (1998) defining and explaining comprehensive explanations of the relationships, with in the social and environment factors and health illness and life expectancy. The Black Report introduced four types of explanations of ways that will account for the differences in levels of illness and life expectancy, experienced by variety of social classes. The researches were made to debate that the changes in health and well being were affected by how much their pay rate is their income which accordingly affects the environment they live in, quality and housing. There are four sociological explanations, 1 the statistical artifact explanation, 2 material or structural explanations, 3 cultural or behaviour explanations and number 4, the natural or social selection.The statistical artefact explanationThe Black Report explains that the differences could not be be by the point that the statistics produced a biased picture. They disagreed with people in the lower social class had a higher number of older people and people working in the usual ways to be in more dangerous industries , and would expect that they would have higher levels in illness, then the more junior people working in offices, cal centres and the other services industries. This shows that its not much of a social class more about the age, structure and patterns of employment of people, in the lowest classes which really describe the differences. deep there has still been shown of links between the low social class and high levels of illness and lower life expectancy even when it has been researched for the bias in employment and age. Natural or Social selectionThe reason for illness is apparently associated to having low wages, poverty, poor housing making people ill in the lower social class. Its also been said that there is higher infant mortality rates and lower life expectancy for adults however, it is the other way round. The people in the lower social class being in poor health aim fo r promotions and success. On the other had this explanation for sociologist is denied , they think because there is evidence to show that ill health is caused by the deprived reason other than making it happen. Cultural or behavioural explanationsThis concentrates on the choices and life decision people make, their life styles and behaviour in the lower social classes. They explain evidence with people in lower class, wood pussy more, drink more, eat more junk food and have lack in exercise, according to having a poor life style. similarly are more likely to die of heart disease, form of cancer, bronchitis and diabetes all because of the poor lifestyle choices. They smoke and drink to help them cope with their life difficult circumstances that come across, not the other way round. Material or structural explanationsThe material explanation is known to think the social groups for whom life expectancy is less, and the infant whom mortality rates are to go higher. Suffering poorer he alth then the other groups, serial forward explanation for that are inequalities in wealth and income. Poverty occurs when havinglow incomes, which then leads to having poor diets, absentminded in everything else they need to live every day.

Evaluation of Bretton Woods Institution’s Influence on the Sovereign Decision Making Essay

Truly our global economic system works in complexity as various collaborations and interrelationships happens between countries around the globe. Because of the interaction of different economies, Bretton Woods Institutions were established to indicate those developing countries towards the attainment of impressive scotch growth through the assistance of developed countries. Two of the major organizations under the Bretton Wood Institutions would be the World bound and International Monetary Fund which provides question and financial services to developing countries to boost the stinting activity of developing countries.Despite of the said gains that World Bank and International Monetary Fund offers to developing countries, a lot of debates concerning the real effects of such intermediation of WB and IMF happening on various parts of the globe. In this regard, the main question that this paper entrust about to answer would be what atomic number 18 the effects of Bretton W oods Institutions programs on the sovereignty of developing countries and would on that point be really benefits that can be derived by developing countries on such existence of global institutions in the long run?These are some of the questions that we will uncover by the end of this paper. one(a) of the main programs of World Bank and IMF for the developing countries would be to lend funds that can be use for economic development such as building of various infrastructures like roads and bridge that are essential to attract more foreign investors (Fischer et al 2003 4). Aside from this, both of the identified international institutions provides research assistance as to how to deal with various economic problems such as poverty, high inflation and unemployment cast as well as stabilizing financial sector of the economy.But the only problem with IMF and WB would be their policy-conditional lending wherein they demand reforms on various economic policies of developing countries like lower tariff rate for United States or higher tax discount on foreign investors from developed countries in exchange for funds. Therefore, to some extent, IMF and WB, influences the economic policies of developing countries by requiring the latter to comply first on IMF and WBs policy reforms before granting those financial aids.Since it is the government that makes economic policies, sovereignty is now at place every time developing countries borrow money to MF and WB since the government becomes powerless from the demands of IMF and WB, and incisively let these international institutions to change whatever economic policies that is currently being implemented. For the past two decades, IMF and WB have been able to influence every developing country around the globe.Lending money serves as the powerful tool of IMF and WB in successfully penetrating the sovereignty of a given developing country in exchange for funding. In the short run perspective, every one would agree that IMF and WB are of great help for developing countries. But in the long run, due to their interventions on economic policies of developing countries, there is a tendency that the policy-conditional lending of IMF and WB would not fit to the nature of economic activities a certain country has thereby will only cause instability in the neighboring coming years.In this regard, it is already clear that the policy-condition lending of IMF and WB would only provide short lived benefits for the economy of developing countries since negative effects of the said intervention would offset all those benefits. It would be better if IMF and WB would minimize its interventions on economic policies of developing countries to give room for the latter to have sustainable economic development.

Poetry Criticism Essay

Write a critical appreciation of the numbers INCENDIARY by Vernon Scannell. You should comment on head, diction, t ace and structure. An incendiary is a bomb which sets things on implode, which gets across the root word that the boy was like a dangerous weapon, ready to spark at any time. This poem is about a boy who sets a farm on levy in hope that he receives the attention he has been longing for. In the first line, the poet describes the boy to be possessed of a face like pallid cheese. This simile is depicts the boy to look quite mould and weak.We immediately feel pity and realize that the boy is uncared for. The poet also describes the boy to puddle burnt-out piddling eyes implying that, with reference to fire, his eyes have died out covering that he has lost hope. The fire was huge, boil and all-consuming, as implied in this quote As brazen enraged and huge, as red and gold and zany yellow. This suggests that the fire was a multitude of colours- red, gold and zan y yellow. It was also bold, savage and extremely big- Brazen, fierce and huge.The word zany also suggests it being, uncontrollable or softheaded. The poet shows the extent of damage caused by the fire through the quote spoiled three thousand guineas worth of crops. The fact that he uses guineas could imply that the poem was set some time ago. Scannell portrays the scene as frightening and very damaging Is frightening- as a fact and a metaphor. He describes the flames as flame-fanged tigers. This is a metaphor in which the flames are compared to tigers wild animals which are perceived as viscous and ferocious.These monolithic flames are said to be roaring ravenously. The use of the word hungrily implies that the flames are consuming while the use of the word roaring is an onomatopoeia showing that the fire was loud. The reader no longer feels a sense of pity towards the boy because he has caused so much irreversible damage. The feeling of hostility is heightened through this quote And frightening too that one diminished boy should set the sky on fire and choke the stars.This use of personification portrays the image of the large amount of smoke rising so high that it blocks out the stars. This could possibly be another attribute of lost hope as the light of the stars is no longer visible. The poet once again tries to apply us feel pity for the boy Such skinny limbs and such a little heart which would have been content with one small kiss had there been anyone to offer this. This quote once again introduces the theme of neglect. His skinny limbs show that he is malnourished.The boy is longing for one warm kiss which gives the reader an idea of his motives. He is probably seeking attention, in an effort to be loved. The poem doesnt have a particular rhyme scheme however rhyming couplets appear three times throughout the poem, one of them appearing at the end. Like this, the poet emphasises specific lines in which he may want to be oddly powerful. When a po em ends in this way after not having much rhyme throughout, it can make it more emotionally moving.Due to the lack of punctuation and the effect of the rhyming couplets that appear, the tone is quite debased which possibly indicates the short amount of time in which the farm caught fire. It may also create a lively atmosphere to bring the energy of the fire to life. In this poem, Scannell uses an exaggerated but possible framework of what a child may do when he or she is uncared for. Through this he tries to show us the consequences and dangers of neglecting children and the desperate measures they may turn to.

Emergence of Mncs the Rise of Fordism

Name Ginu Abraham Registration Number H00124734 Course INTERNATIONAL breeze of products Coursework type ESSAY Course Tutor Dr. UmmeSalma HOW CAN THE EMERGENCE OF MNCs BE BEST EXPLAINED? Multi-National wads are plentys which chip in their head office in one democracy which is called the host country or the business firm country from where it man mounts their trading operations all over the world. Normally any corporation or group which derives the quarter of their income from their operations out perspective the host country is considered a multinational corporation.There are mainly four categories of Multi-National cans (1) a multinational, decentralise corporation with strong home country presence, (2) a global, centralised corporation that acquires cost advantages through centralized issue wherever cheaper resources are lendable (3) an international caller-up that builds on the parent corporations technology or RampD (4) a transitional enterprise that combines the pre vious three approaches . As jibe to the UN data intimately 35000 companies consent direct investment in foreign countries, and the largest 100 of them control about 40 percent of world trade. Anon. , 2012) The birth of MNCs started from the early days of transitional trade started by Mesopotamian, Phoenician and Greek merchants. As the result of fall of Roman Empire the trade among various nations became difficult. The feudalism in Middle East and Europe resulted in wars among feudal lords and church prohibited the trade with the Muslim nations. After course of studys the trade was established by traders of Italy who are considered as the predecessors of present day Multi-National Corporations.In the mid(prenominal) of seventeenth and eighteenth century Multinational corporations in the form of trading companies started. The East India Company, the French abscond Company, the Hudson Bay Company, was the main multinational companies established in those days. Standard Oil, Brit ish Petroleum, International Nickel and Ana Conda crap were the main MNCs investing mainly in petroleum and mining industries in the early twentieth century. The MNCs went through three main phases in their growth process. The eldest phase came to an end nearly at the rootage of the 1st World War.The European Companies such as Imperial Tobacco, Dunlop, Siemens, Philips, etc. captured the field. Due to the recessionary emplacement prevailing world over during the post-war period amidst of 1930-1950 the growth of Multinational corporations came to a take hold. During the first phase, decades of 1950s and mid-sixties witnessed the emergence of American MNCs such as IBM, General Motors, and interbreeding Motors. The 1970s witnessed the third phase of MNCs. The new age belonged to the German, Europeans and Japanese MNCs.The recent socio-economic classs witnessed the emergence of MNCS from developing countries such as Indonesia, India etc. (Nirav, 2012) Let us consider the case of carrefour Motor Corporation over the familys. The life cycle of this company depart help us better understand the emergence of the MNCs crossbreeding Motors is an American automotive corporation order by Henry interbreeding and a number of associates, who were C. H Bennett, Alexander Malcomson, James Couzens, ass W. Anderson, John F. Dodge, Charles J. Woodall, Horace H. Rackham, Horace E. Dodge, Vernon C.Fry, John S. Gray and Albert Strelow started on June 1903. The company have produced automotive parts and heavy vehicles in the past. The hybridisation Motor company today produces luxury and commercial cars. (Anon. , www. britannica. com) interbreeding introduced various methods which were later on called as coverism. These were the methods the likes of assembly lines and management of high scale industrial work-force and methods for higher level of production of cars. Henry Ford was one most familiar symbol of transformation of agricultural to industrial mass producti on, mass custom economy.Ford was the creative or most resourceful force which resulted in the growth to superiority of the automobile perseverance to the worlds prime manufacturing activity. The foremost of the transformations it made was from the craft production to the mass production which helped in the creation of markets as it is mainly based on the economies of scale and scope which resulted in the rise to giant organizations which were built upon chip divisions of labour and functional specialisation. These were the main factors which resulted in the creation of a wider market.The company grew on the concept that to lying it by mass and to standardize a product in end would mean to price it so low so that even the lay man would afford to buy it. Ford manufactured almost everything he required for his cars right from the basic raw materials. Ford mastered the mass production techniques to obtain significant economies by taking the task of doing everything by him. Ford wa s cautious about finance, accounting and broad super vision short and straight for the efficient coordination of the free flow of the raw materials and the components through the production procedure.These were the two reasons why Ford vertically integrated the corporation. Though for the complete vertical integration it inevitable a huge amount work force including middle managers and specialists which were to be employed and assigned tally to the hierarchical scheme. Thus in the end it all helped in the vertical integration of the corporation. By 1950s, the emergence in mass production made them the largest single group within every developed country. (Thompson, n. d. The interest chain of events will help to shed some clean-living on the three stages of evolution of the company to an MNC. These stages will be further explained following the key moments in history. Ford Motor Corporation sell their first car which was assembled in their Mack road plant in Detroit. The first car that they sell was a two cylinder model A on July 23rd. The Model T was made available to the public in 1908 and in which model production continued until 1927. Ford Motor Corporation of Canada interconnected near Winsor in Ontario.In the equivalent year Ford Motor corporation starts the production at the Piquette Avenue Plant in Detroit In 1910 The Manufacturing operations of Ford Motor Corporation was transferred to highland(prenominal) Park, Michigan Plant. The corporation established their first overseas plant in Trafford Park, Manchester, England in 1911. The experiments with the assembly line began at the Highland Park Plant. The early trials with the transmissions and magnetos were followed by the advancement of chassis assembly line by the mid of the 1913 and by the end of the 1915 the one millionth car was produced by the Ford Motor Corporation.Two years later first Ford truck was introduced which was supported by the Model T engine and in the same year the producti on of Fordson tractor begins which until Feb 1928 was produced unless in North America. It was in the beginning of the 1922 the Ford Motor company purchased capital of Nebraska Motor Company for 8 million dollars and Edsel Ford the son of Henry Ford was named as the chairwoman of the Lincoln. After five years from the purchase of Lincoln Motor Company, it ceases the model T production which was macrocosm sold to the public since 1908. Ford starts with production of the Model A in the same year which continues boulder clay 1932.By the beginning of 1941 ford started producing the Mercury, the first jeep and first V8 en-block engine-equipped car built. All these car productions came to a halt by the beginning of World War II in 1942 and the production of Ford passenger cars was only resumed by July 3rd 1945. Later in 1956 Ford Motor company transforms into a publicly-held company with the common stock sale in the public and was listed on NYSE in the beginning of 1956. By the same yea r the Ford Motor company subsidiary on Aeronutronics systems, established which specialized in refutal weapons and aerospace technology.As the Ford Motor corporation went on progressing with their production and sales reaching higher charters it finally achieves exceeded lucre than those of the General Motors for the First time in 1986/1987. The same year it earns record profits of 4. 63 million but later on in 1991 Ford Motor Companys largest loss in a year was recorded as 2. 3 billion. As the result the Ford Motor company creates a superior Care system to meet the needs the Ford dealerships and Ford owners. The same year Ford and Volkswagen adventure on a joint venture in Auto Europa, which is an organisation which produce multipurpose vehicles in Portugal.Later next year Fords F series truck known as the best-selling truck for the ordinal consecutive years in United States. Ford also succeeds in producing the first car which has environs friendly air-conditioning system. By the same year, Ford acquires 50% of the Mazda Motor Manufacturing and renames it as Auto Alliance International. In the year 1993, Ford is claims five of the eight top selling vehicles in the United States. The same year the first formal Ford Dealerships were placed inside the mainland China and the Ford China operations later secured the manufacturing and assembly.In 1994 the first ford assembly began in India and acquires the worlds largest car rental company named Hertz. Finally in 1995 the Ford 2000 is initiated which was said to combine the power, resources ultimately to be a world company with the intimacy and agility of a small one. (Anon. , 2010) Later through years till to date the Ford Motor Corporation hard firmly on increasing the consumer base by marketing and developing new products and to achieve their globalization goals.Ford also tried to put more than effort on the research and development to increase their consumer base by commercialising cars powered with na tural gas. The company advanced by developing and introducing new features like side impact airbags to their products. The growth and development of the corporation reached even up to the teaming up with the NASA to develop features for their cars which no some some otherwise corporations in automobile industry have ever provided.Over the years though the ford corporation have already started selling their products, afterward the 90s it came to a broader perspective of growth by extending their fields to various other sections by teaming up with NASA, Oracle Corporation and even a YMCA Childcare, which portrays the in deep goals to become more than a popular automobile manufacturing corporation. At this juncture I would like to shed some light on three stage of evolution that the Ford Corporation had to get through to become a MNC.There are generally three stages of evolution for a corporation to become a Multinational Corporation they are the Export stage, Foreign Production St age and finally the Multinational stage. (BRIMS, n. d. ) The Fords motor Corporation which after its incorporation in 1903 made their first model commercialised for the public after a few years from incorporation. At this first stage of Export, it is the point of time were the Ford Motor Corporation had to all rely on the export agents for exporting the cars outside their home country as they had no other option to increase their export sales.They built plants in Detroit and Michigan to increase the production to satisfy the demand for the cars. The company focuses mainly on achieving higher number of export sales and introduces methods like assembly line to reduce cost and to save time which ultimately increases the production. In the second stage of foreign production, the Ford motor corporations export sales reach the limits of the sales to the foreign countries in means of export sales.Now the Corporation had the option of either to start a plant in a foreign country or to lice nse corporations technology to a new company in a foreign country is a risky choice as it may result in transfer of trade secrets regarding the technology to a new firm thereby sidewalk way for the rise of a rival. In spite of these facts the Ford Motor Corporation established their foremost overseas manufacturing plant in Trafford Park, Manchester. Thus the productivity of the Ford Motor Corporation increases and in 1915 it produces he one millionth ford car and over the decades the Ford Motor Corporation increases their productivity by building more efficient and advanced plants throughout the home country and in foreign countries as well, which means it has already entered the final stage of being a multinational company. In this final stage, Ford Motor Corporation focuses on research and development, financing, and recruiting and co-ordinating production. By believe the world market into a broader and growth intended view which results in the standardisation of products and the services paving way for the emergence of MNCs.From this it is easy for us to understand the different phases involved in an organisations transformation into an MNC. This also helps us to understand the changing market trends and consumer behavioural characteristics thus helping us understand the concept of business as a whole.REFERENCE Anon. , 2010. www. thehenryford. org. Online Available at http//www. thehenryford. org/exhibits/fmc/chrono. asp Accessed 19 09 2012. Anon. , 2012. www. businessdictionary. com. Online Available at http//www. businessdictionary. com/definition/multinational-corporation-MNC. html Anon. , www. britannica. com. www. britannica. com. Online Available at http//www. britannica. com/EBchecked/topic/213265/Ford-Motor-Company Accessed 19 09 2012. BRIMS, D. V. , n. d. A Brief on MNCs inside pages, s. l. s. n. BRIMS, D. V. , n. d. A Brief on MNCs inside pages, s. l. s. n. Nirav, S. , 2012. www. preservearticles. com. Online Available at http//www. preserveart icles. com/2012020122380/emergence-of-mncs-in-a-historical-perspective. html Accessed 20 09 2012. Thompson, G. F. , n. d. Fordism, Post-Fordism and the Flexible System of Production, Virginia s. n. Thompson, G. F. , n. d. Fordism, Post-Fordism and the Flexible Sytem of Production , Virginia s. n.

Leadership Vision Paper Essay

The vision statement continues the expression of the coveted service and the level of achievement necessary to achieve the mission. The determine selected argon those that support mannequin of innovation-based mission, vision, and values statement (Porter-OGrady & Malloch, 2011.) My vision statement is To treat all tolerants with dignity and respect at all times. To beg off not only what I am about to do for them, but why. I will permit Evidence-based research, when available, for their knowledge. I will allow them autonomy, in their decisions. I will provide each diligent compassion and empathy, at all times. I will remember they are a person not righteous a patient. We will come to understand the vision through the various sections of this paper. The sections are Key concepts of vision, limited review of evidence, Importance in nursing and lastly, the Summary.Key concepts of visionI believe that when a patient is assumption the evidence-based information in a clear and co ncise manner, they are in a better personate to make better medical decisions. While I am providing each patient with evidence-based research, I am proving them with the necessary tools to make the cognizant decisions. In turn, gift them the autonomy they deserve. Being respectful, showing empathy and compassion are all easy tasks to perform, when the patient is thought of as a person, not just a patient. An example would be when I explain why I am about to perform some task, not simply that I am going to perform the task. I lead to ask permission of the patient, give them the opportunity to reject the task. It may be in their best interest to have the task performed, but, if I respect them, then I will respect their decision.Critique of evidenceIn an article titled, Toward the Tipping invest Decision Aids and Informed patient Choice, there is strong evidence that patient decision acquired immune deficiency syndrome not only improve decision quality but also prevent the oeruse of options that informed patients do not value. Which I believe aids in better patient satisfaction. Policymakers increasingly believe that encouraging patients to play a much active role in their health burster could improve quality, efficiency, and health outcomes (Coulter & Ellins, 2007).Another area that I have an important stance on is that the patient is a person, not just a patient. In an article by Danielle Ofri, she talks about a crowded waiting area where the medical assistant is yelling out the patients name, so cattle-like. Nevertheless it feels horrible to me, so demeaning, like were in the DMV instead of a medical clinic. I want the environment to be more humane, more civilized, and so when I go out to call out a patient, I use a much softer voice, with a tone that I hope conveys more respect.Importance to nursingAccording to Lesly Simmons, a blogger for Georgetown University, the Nursing professing is the most ethical and honest profession for the eleventh year i n the Gallup survey. Nurses have been the highest ranked profession for 11 out of 12 years. So why is that? Nurses consistently capture patient and public trust by performing in ossification with a Code of Ethics for Nurses that supports the best interests of patients, families, and communities. They often are the strongest advocates for patients who are vulnerable and in need of support (Sachs & Jones, 2012).SummaryTreating the patient as a person shows the patient that I respect them as a person. When I respect them as a person, I have more compassion and empathy for them. When I have empathy, compassion and respect for them, I can help them make better choices. By giving them evidence-based research I am providing them with the tools so they can be more informed. By being more informed, they have a better understanding of their situation. By them understanding their situation, they will then have autonomy. Allowing the patient autonomy, gains respect from the patient for the nur se. Hence, making the nursing profession the most honest and ethical profession over the last decade. So, I continue to keep my vision statement close at hand.ReferencesCoulter, Angela., & Ellins, Jo. (2007). Effectiveness of strategies for informing, educating and involving patients. BMJ 200733524 OConnor, A.M., Wennberg, J. E., Legare, F., Llewelllyn-Thomas, H. A., Moulton, B. W., Sepucha, K. R.,Sodano, A. G., & King, J. S. (2007). Toward the Tipping PointDecision Aids and Informed Patient Choice. Health Affairs. May 2007. Vol. 26(3) p716-725. Ofri, Danielle. (2012). Humanizing Medicine and Respecting the Patient. A Sweet Life. January 19, 2012. Retrieved on January 16, 2013 from http//asweetlife.org/feature/humanizing-medicine-and-respecting-the-patient/ Porter-Ogrady, T., & Malloch, K. (2011). Quantum leadership Advancing innovativion, transforming health care. Strategies to integrate and advance innovation. 3rd ed. p149. Sudbury, MA Jones & Bartlett. Sachs, Adam & Jones, Jemari on. (2012). Nurses Earn Highest Ranking Ever, Remain Most Ethical of Professions in Poll ANA Urges Policymakers to Listen to Nurses on Health Care Policy, Funding. American Nurses Association. News Release December 4, 2012. Simmons, Lesly. (2011). Nurses Most Respected Profession for 11th Year. NursingGeorgetown Blog. May 16th, 2011.

The book Breakout Nations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The book Breakout Nations - Essay ExampleTo concede the countries that will emerge as economic winner in the future, it is all important(predicate) that one should abandon the garments of do assessments from past events and putting diverse countries in one bracket. It is required that emerging markets be tempered sepa markly and one should remember that economic success is not an everyday issue. The new breakout estates may jump from the darkness and Sharma identifies the nations they probably will be and attempts to explain the reason behind his speculation. Through this book, Sharma looks at the reality from the glasses of a veteran market player. His book is based on his experiences and studies on underdeveloped countries that he gained after twenty years of travelling around the world.This book defines a breakout nation as the one that exceeds expectations or that develops faster than other countries having the same per capita income. Sharma has explained the reason behin d this definition. He says that there is a circulating myth that if Chinas economic growth gets reduced from its previous rate then it will make no difference as China will still be progressing faster than many western nations. Sharma, however has two views on this. According to him if Chinas growth rate declines, then it will be considered as recession within the nation, and also for the rest of the world because people are accustomed to the previous growth rate of China. Sharma explains that other than growth rate, it is also important from where the growth starts. With two nations having same growth rates, it is the country with more per capital income that will be making a huge achievement. He said per capita income is the critical measure because a growing pie doesnt trade a nations circumstances if the number of mouths it needs to feed is growing just as fast. (Sharma, 19) Sharma attempts to speculate as to what factors contribute towards some nations that can